1、科技英语翻译科技英语翻译 2018上篇期末考试范围 P.23 例 2 This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments,and deserves special consideration.这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。P.24 例 3 If the reaction took hours,and not seconds,the fuel costs would be prohibitive.如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。例 7 Keep the batteries
2、 in dry places,and electricity may not be made to leak away.（如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果，就”，或者“就”。P.25 例 12 In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging,boring holes,artificial explosions,or similar operations which make them avai
3、lable to us.换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。例 14 The solar wind grossly distorts the earths magnetic field,dragging it out to a long tail.太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。P.26 例 17 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding f
4、riction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。例 20 An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。P.27 例 23 The moon is a world that is c
5、ompletely and utterly dead,a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury,but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒
6、却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。原句中含有 4个分句：由关系代词 that引导的定语从句，修饰 a world；介词 on+关系代词 which引导的定语从句，修饰 a world 的同位语 a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词 where引导的定语从句，也修饰 a sterile mountainous waste；sothat 引导的结果状语从句。例 24 Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers,operating with numbers,and giving th
7、e result in numerical form.计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。原句中有三个介词，其中介词 for省略不译。P.29 例 29 The ON condition makes the data equipment ready to the communication equipment to be connected to the communication channel.数据（存储）设备在接通状态时通过通道与通信设备连接。原句中的 on指设备的接通状态，使句子形象、简洁，很容易理解。例 30 Then the surgeon cut him o
8、pen and took out the appendix and stitched him up again 医生切开他的腹部，制除了阑尾，又把他腹部缝好。原文中使用 him 以全部代替部分，译为“他的腹部”为妥。P.30 例 32 It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot who has a very small vocabulary and takes everything literally.这就像和一丝不苟的机器人说话，机器人只有很少的词汇，而且你怎么说他就怎么做。原句中的 robot是无生命的机器，不是人，在
9、此采取拟人手法，用副词 literally修饰，生动、形象。P.32 例 5 Design is a series of operations involved in taking a product from a conceptual stage to a form that meets both company goals and customer expectations.设计是一系列的操作，包含该产品从构思阶段到同时满足公司目标和客户期望的结构样式。例 8 After the spring has been close to its solid height,the compressi
10、ve force is removed.弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度之后就没有压力了。原句中 solid height 的意思在汉译时做了技术性引中，翻译为“并紧高度”。P.33 例 12 Dimensioning is a complicated work and long experiences are required for the mastering of it.尺寸标注是一项复杂的工作，需要有长期经验才能完成。英语中的动名词是由动词变形而来的，其动作性已经高度抽象化，在汉译时应该增加表动作的动词。原句中的 dimensioning就是抽象化了的动名词，在翻译时增加“进行”二字。例 14
11、 Semiconductors devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率或加热时间。原句中的 heaters 属于重复性词语，在汉译时省略了 heater。例 15 The diameter and the length of the wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance.导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。原句中的物主代词 its
12、 在汉译时省略，属于省译法。P.34 例 20 As noted previously,the catalyst in the first reactor can be divided into two beds,with an intermediate liquid quench,where high reactivity of the charge makes close temperature control mandatory.前面已经指出，在电荷具有很高反应能力而必须严格控制温度的场合，第一反应器中的催化剂可以分为两层，并在中间采用液体冷却。原句中斜体部分是 where引导的地点状语
13、。英语中习惯将状语放在句子后面，而汉语则恰恰相反，因此，汉译时语序进行了调整，状语从句位于句首。例 21 These waves,which are commonly called radio waves,travel with the velocity of light.这些电波一般以光的速度进行传播，它们通常被称为无线电波。汉译时调整了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置，将其放在句末单独成为一个小分句，对前面的内容进行补充。例 22 To picture the stress state,select the original a reference system at the c
14、enter of the contact area with x parallel to the cylindrical axes,y perpendicular to the plane formed by the two cylinder axes,and z in the plane of the contact force.为描述应力状态，选择参考坐标系，原点选在接触面的中心，x 轴平行于圆桂体的轴线，y轴垂直圆柱体轴线所形成的平面，z 轴处于接触力所在的平面上。2018 中篇期末考试范围 中篇第一章 P.42 例 5 The new medicine will expire in 2
15、 years.新药的有效期为两年。例 10 The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能 P.43 例 17 This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best processing route.对确定最佳工艺流程而言，这次实验是绝对必要的。例 20 Employers by and large are resistant to mediation.从总体上说，雇主是抵制调解的。P.44 例 26
16、This metal is less hard than that one.这种金属的硬度比那种差。例 30 This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the solubility.对确定溶解度来说，这次试验是绝对必要的。原句中的名词 necessity转换成汉语中的形容词“必要的”，原句中的形容词 absolute 转换汉语中的副词“绝对”。P.45 例 37 It is demonstrated that dust is extremely hazardous.已经证实，粉尘具有极大的危害。例 41 Chlorine i
17、s very active chemically.氯的化学性能很活跃。P.46 例 46 The government is behind this project.政府支持这个项目。P.47 例 59 The frequency,wave length and speed of sound are closely related.频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的。P.48 例 61 The temperature needed for this processing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.这种加工方法所需的温度要低于熔化该金
18、属的温度。例 70 Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon oxides.碳与氧化合后便构成各种碳氧化合物。P.49 例 77 These early cars were slow,clumsy,and inefficient.这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率低下。译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名词：“速度”、“行动”、“效率”。既使译文意思明确，又使其形成四字词组，匀称整齐。P.50 例 91 The resistance of a given section of an electric circuit is equal to the r
19、atio of its voltage to the current through this section of the circuit.电路某一段的电阻等于其电压与流过该段电路的电流之比。P.51 例 98 Since copper possesses good conductivity,it is widely used in electrical engineering.由于铜具有良好的导电性，所以被广泛应用于电气工程。原句中作主语的 it 在译文中省译。P.52 例 105 Finally,this condensate is pumped back into the boiler
20、 and the cycle repeats itself.最后，冷凝水被泵回锅炉，这种循环重复进行。P.53 例 114 Therefore the transformer can be used to step up or step down alternating voltage.因此，变压器可用来升降电压。译文中并列连词 or可以省略不译。例 119 Stainless steel possesses good hardness and high strength.不锈钢硬度大、强度高。P.54 例 123 Strain Gauge Technology,which grew out
21、of Applied Science Publishers Developments in Stress Analysis scries,does not replace or supersede existing textbooks and reference books 应变仪技术一书，虽是从应用科学出版家公司出版的应力分析之进展丛书中产生的，但它并不能取代现有的教科书和参考书。原句中动词 replace和 supersede都是“替代”、“取代”的意思，译文中只译出一个，省译另一个。P.55 例 135 Machines used for making plastic objects a
22、re very different from those used for manufacturing articles of wood or metal or other natural materials.用来加工塑料制品的机器同那些用来加工木制品、金属制品和其他天然制品的机器是十分不同的。P.56 例 138 Gas,oil,and electric furnaces are most widely used in industry.工业上广泛应用的是煤气炉、油炉和电炉。原句中 gas,oil 和 electric 三个形容词同时修饰 furnaces，但在译文中必须“油”和“电“连用才
23、能使意思明确。P57 例 144 There are some partly mechanized versions of the process,however,in which higher current and deposition rates can be used.但是这种（焊接）方法有些已经部分地机械化了，所以能使用较强的电流和较高的焊着率。例 146 Increasingly sophisticated computer-controlled robots are entering industry to cut down production costs,time and l
24、abor requirements.日益完善的由计算机控制的机器人正在进入工业领域，以降低成本、缩短生产时间、减少劳动力。P.58 例 149 Being very small,this force may be neglected.这个力很小，所以可以忽路不计。原向中的分词题语可分译成表示原因的分句，译为“这个力很小”。P.59 例 158 Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere,coal which can be mined through
25、automatic and mechanical processes at less cost,and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of limestone widely present in nature 塑料是由水、效和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源；煤是用自动化和机械化的手段开采的，成本较低；石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。例 161 Generally speaking,the typical metal conducts electricity and heat.It shows lu
26、strous surface,usually with white,or so-called metallic luster.It is ductile and malleable.一般来说，典型的金属能导热导电，表面有光泽，具有延展性和可煅性。P.60 例 163 The circulating water system of this power plant is a closed-cycle type of cooling system which consists of cooling tower,basin,pump house and supply/return pipelines
27、.该电厂循环水系统是由冷却塔、水池、泵房以和供水/回水管路组成的闭式循环冷却系统。P.61 例 169 This type of early discovery of lung cancer followed by surgical cure,which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy,is often bubbled by diverse biologic behaviors in the rate and direction of the growth of cancer.人们希望“早期发现”肺癌，随后进行外
28、科治疗，因为外科治疗可能是效果最好的办法。然 而，由于肺癌生长速度和生长方向等生物学特征有很大差异，早期发现的希望往往落空。P.62 例 172 Water is a substance suitable for preparation of hydrogen and oxygen.水是适于制取氢和氧的一种物质。P65 例 187 In 1951,Harvard University undergraduate Marvin Minsky built a learning machine out of vacuum tubes and motors based on the McCulloch
29、-Pitts neuron model.1952年，哈佛大学的研究生 Marvin Minsky，根据 McCulloch-Pitts 的神经模型，采用真空管和电动机制作出了一台学习机。中篇第二章（共 30 个）P.69 例 6 When an acid reacts with a base,a neutral product usually results,and we call it a salt.当一种酸和一种碱起反应时，通常形成一种中性产物，我们称之为盐类。base一词的基本含义是“基础”，是一个概括性较强的词。但在以上例句中，都因不同的学科分类而转化为不同的含义，在机械术语中译为“底
30、座”，在数学术语中译为“底数”；在化学术语中译为“碱”。P.73 例 32 When an acid reacts with a base,a neutral product usually results,and we call it a salt.当一种酸和一种碱起反应时，通常形成一种中性产物，我们称之为盐类。base一词的基本含义是“基础”，是一个概括性较强的词。但在以上例句中，都因不同的学科分类而转化为不同的含义，在机械术语中译为“底座”，在数学术语中译为“底数”；在化学术语中译为“碱”。P.74 例 36 The closed loop system protects the ope
31、rator from liquor contact and hazard from the same.此闭环系统能保护操作工，使之不与液体接触，免受液体危害。原句中的 same的照应词是 liquor，正因为有了 liquor的照应，才使得 same有确定的充分的词义，即“液体”。P.75 例 45 Ideal voltage and current sources are active circuit elements,while resistors and conductors are passive elements.理想电压源和电流源都是有源元件，而电阻和导体都是无源元件。原句中 ac
32、tive和 passive 的本义为“积极的”和“消极的”，根据句子的语境，引中为“有源”“无源”，更符合技术概念的语言规范。P.76 例 56 The critical pressure is the pressure at which a gas can be liquefied.临界压力指液化气体所需的压力。原句中形容词 critical 原义是“关键的”、“紧急的”。在翻译时进行了引中处理，译为“临界的”。P.77 例 58 The thicker the wire,the more freely it will carry current.导线越粗，就越容易导电。例 64 The c
33、hief problem with brush-type motors is the low reliability of the commutator-and-brush assembly.电刷型电动机的主要问题是换向器一电刷组合体的可靠性低。P.78 例 71 The shunt motor operates nearly at constant speed.并励电动机差不多恒速运行。P.79 例 82 The fence by the cable ditch is too low.电缆沟旁设置的栅栏太矮了。P.80 例 89 With its great potential,the wide use of optical communications will not come overnight.虽然光通讯有巨大的发展潜力，但它不会在一夜之间就得到广泛的应用。原句中的介词 with
