1、新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳doc2018新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?【重点语法】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意：1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。2. 由some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后
2、：如：something interesting【重点短语】1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing.but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do s
3、th. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事【词语辨析】1. take a
4、 photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数 “许多”2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a coldIt seems + 从句 似乎. It seems that no one believe you.seem like . 好像，似乎. It seems like a good idea.3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达.”arrive at +小地点（注：若后跟地点副词here/th
5、ere/home, 介词需省略，如： arrive here; get home）4. feel like sth感觉像feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder（想知道）+疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。6. because of +名/代/V-ingbecause+从句He cant take a walk because of the rain.I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7. enough +名词 足够的.形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do you e
6、xercise?【重点语法】1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。2.“次数”的表达方法一次 once， 两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。常见的how疑问词：1）How soon 多久（以后）How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？He will be back in a month.
7、他一个月后能回来。2）how long “多久”How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。3）How many+名复How much+不可名“多少” 问数量（how much 还可问价格）【重点短语】1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. g
8、o skate boarding 去划板6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise 做更多的运动9. the same as 与什么相同10. be different from 不同11. once a month一月一次12. twice a week一周两次13.make a difference to 对.有影响/作用14. most of the students=most students15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物16.
9、be good for 对.有益17. be bad for 对.有害18. come home from school放学回家19. of course = certainly = sure 当然20. get good grades 取得好成绩21. keep/be in good health 保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假【词语辨析】1. maybe / may bemaybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.The baby is crying. Maybe she is hung
10、ry.The woman may be a teacher.2. a few / few / a little / littlea few (少数的，几个，一些)a little (一点儿，少量)表示肯定few (很少的，几乎没有的)little (很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150.There is little time left. I wont catch the first bus.Could you give me a little milk?3. hard
11、 / hardlyhard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly为副词，意为“几乎不”。The ground is too hard to dig.I can hardly understand them.Its raining hard. The people can hardly go outside.4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是“至于；关于”，+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never wa
12、nt to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。5. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳
13、。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。6. percent 名词，意为“百分之”百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent (不用复数形式)，percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。50：fifty percent百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge.20%的肉都在冰箱7. not at all 意为“一点也不”，not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。The s
14、tory isnt interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。8. It is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是的。It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。9. take, spend, payIt takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费某人时间来做某事”。人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了钱”。人(sb.) spend 时间/钱(in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。pay 的主语必须是人，而“花钱买某物”为pay.for.10. h
15、owever 副词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.【重点语法】1. 形容词和副词的比较等级（1）形容词和副词的原形就是原级（2）比较级，表示较或更（3）最高级， 表示最.。2. 比较级句型:（1）A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更”（注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比）（2）“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B”（3）比较A ，B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较.时用句型：“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.
16、比较级，A or B ?”Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?3. 比较级的特殊用法（1）“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”（2）“the+比较级(), the+比较级()”意思是：”越越”The more, the better.（3）主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较.的”4. 两者在某一方面相同： A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.Helen is as tall as Amy.Peter studies as hard
17、as Tom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”I am not as tall as my sister.5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。【重点短语】1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗2. as.as.与 一样3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛4. the most important 最重要的5. be tale
18、nted in music 在音乐方面有天赋6. the same as 与相同7. care about 关心/留意/关注8. be different from 与.不同9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子10. as long as 只要；与.一样长11. bring out 显示/显出12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩13. reach for 伸手达到/达到14. touch ones heart 感动15. in fact 事实上16. make friends 交朋友17. be good at 在某方面成绩好18. the other 另一
19、个19. be similar to 与相似20. be good with 与和睦相处21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have fun doing sth 做某事很开心22. do the same things as me. 做和我一样的事情23. Its+adj+（for sb.）to do sth. “做某事（对某人来说）是.的 ”24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友25. as long as 只要；既然，引导条件状语从句【词语辨析】1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长.
20、2. care about 关心care for 关爱take care (当/小心)take care of (照顾)=look after3. make sb. do sth. ：让(使)某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式）His father always make me get up before five oclock.make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态My friends always make me happy.4. be like“就像”I am like your sister.look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister
21、.5. Thats why+句子：那就是的原因/那就是为什么Thats why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。6. be different from 与不同反：be the same as 与 相同7. though adv. 不过；可是；然而（句末补充说明使语气减弱） conj. 虽然；尽管=although，与but 不能同时用在一个句子中He said he would come. He didnt, though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。Though/Although he has been dead for many years, ma
22、ny people still remember him.尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。8. get better grades 取得更好的成绩9. does(助动词do/did)，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。10. be good with sb. 与某人相处得好Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?【重点语法】1. 形容词最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。标志词：表比较范围时用in/of形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可省略the。2. 表示“三者（或以上）中最的”的句型1）A + be + the 形容词
23、最高级 + 表示范围（in/of介词短语）2）A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语3. 常用句式1) Who/ Which+ 最高级, A, B or C ?2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为“最之一”。3）序数词后跟形容词最高级【重点短语】1. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止2. no problem 没什么，别客气3. have.in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同4. be up to 由.决定/是.的职责5. all kinds of 各种各样的6. play a role in doin
24、g sth./ sth. 发挥作用，有影响7. make up 编造（故事、谎言等）8. for example=e.g. 例如9. take .seriously 认真对待10. not everybody 并不是每个人11. close to 离.近12. more and more 越来越【词语辨析】1. How do you like +名/代/V-ing=What do you think of：“ 你认为怎么样？”2. Thanks for=Thank you for +名/代/V-ing:“感谢”3. Youre welcome. =Not at all.不客气4. talent
25、 名（可）天赋talent show 才艺表演talented adj. 有天赋的be talented in 在.方面有天赋5. be good at 擅长 ( do well in)反义短语：be poor / weak in 在.方面薄弱be good for 对有益，后跟人或事物；其反义短语是be bad forbe good to 对好(和善；慈爱)，相当于 be friendly to，后面通常接人6. all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种.* kind of 有点+ adj.： kind of boring
26、/ fat /thin7. win vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n. 赢者8. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事9. 举例：such as 常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on(等等)连用；like可和such as互换；for example 一般只列举一个，作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首/句中/句末。Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?【重点语法】1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of ?=How do you like?2
27、. 描述喜好I love/ like/ dont mind/dislike/cant stand3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他； 主语（三单）+V(三单)+其他)【重点短语】1. find out 查出/发现2. be ready to do 准备做3. dress up 打扮/化妆成4. take ones place 代替某人5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色6. think of 想到/思考7. game show 游戏节目8. learn from 向.学习9. talk show 访谈节目10. soap opera 肥皂剧11. go on 继续12.
28、 watch a movie 看电影13. one of 其中之一14. try ones best to =do ones best to 竭尽全力15. a pair of 一双16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名17. look like 看起来像18. around the world 世界各地19. have a discussion about 讨论.20. one day 有一天/某一天21. such as 例如22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情24. interesting informatio
29、n 有趣的信息【词语辨析】1. want + n 想要want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事2. mind 介意，其后+名词/代词/V-ing3. stand1)“站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立2) “忍受” (多用于否定句、疑问句) , 后可+名/代/V-ing4. plan vt. & vi.计划, 打算，plan to do sth.plan 还可作名词，如：make plans 制定计划5. v. discuss (讨论) + ion n. discussionhad a discussion about sth.
30、对某事进行讨论6. happen v. 发生; 出现sth+ happens to sb.”或“sth happened + 时间/地点”句式7. 情态动词may 语气弱于can，意为“可能”might 表推测，语气最弱，意为“可能”may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱，意为“可能不”They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。8. expect to do sth. 期盼做某事hope to do sth: 希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask9. be famous as 作为而出名be famous for sth. 因为.而出名10. one of 后跟可数名词复数，表示之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨
