1、英语专业八级真题答案 2007年英语专业八级真题 答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task
2、after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 题 1 - 10 原文 Good morning, todays lecture, is the very first of a series of lectures
3、on art history, so Id like to spend some time discussing with you the following topic: Why do we need to study art history? And what can we learn from it? First of all, Id say, if you study art history, this might be a good way to learn more about a culture, than its possible to learn in general his
4、tory classes. You know, most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war, but art history focuses on much more than this. Because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also their religious beliefs, emotions etc. In addition, information about the daily ac
5、tivities of our ancestors can be provided by art, like what people did for a living, what kind of dress they wore, what ceremonies they held etc. In short, art can express the essential qualities of a time and a place, and the study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in
6、 most history books and enables us to learn more things about human society and civilization. The second point Id like to make is about the type of information. In history books, information is objective, that is facts about political economic life of a country are given, but opinions are not expres
7、sed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective. It reflects personal emotions and opinions. For example, Francisco Goya was a great Spanish painter and also perhaps the first truly political artist. In his famous painting, The Third of May 1808, he showed soldiers shooting a group of simple people. His
8、description of soldiers and their victims has become a symbol of the enormous power or the misuse of this power that the government can have over its people. Over 100 years later, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Mexican artists depicted their deep anger and sadness about social probl
9、ems. In summary, through art you can find a personal and emotional view of history. Thirdly, art can reflect a cultures religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings th
10、at showed people and stories from the Bible. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is), its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that these images are unholy. Thus, on palaces, mosques and other buildings, Islamic artist
11、s have created unique decoration of great beauty with images of flowers of geometric forms, for example, circles, squares and triangles. The same is true of other places, like Africa and Pacific Islands. Art also reflects the religious beliefs of traditional cultures in these places. As a matter of
12、fact, religion is the purpose for this art and its, therefore, absolutely essential to it. Traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is different from Christian art. Christian art influences peoples religious feelings towards God. But the goal of traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is
13、the influence of spiritual powers, that is gods to enter peoples lives. Each tribe or village there had special ceremonies with songs and dances to make sure that crops, animals and people are healthy and increasing in number. The dancers in the ceremonies wear masks, head dresses and costumes that
14、they believe are necessary to influence gods. SO these masks, head dresses themselves, are revelry part of the art. As we said, art depends on culture, different forms of art result from different cultures. Similarly, the way that people view art also depends on their cultural background. This is my
15、 fourth point. For most Europeans and Americans, art is mainly for decoration. It is something on a museum wall or in a glass case. It makes their homes more attractive. People look at it and admire it: Oh, what a beautiful painting! Besides, ideas are expressed in this art. This is a wonderful stat
16、ue, and admiring it, 1 might say: It makes such a strong antiwar statement. But in other places, art is not considered to be separated from everyday existence. It has a function, it has a practical role to play in peoples lives. A person in a tribal society might look at a mask and say: Oh, this is
17、a good mask. It would keep my house safe. In brief, the way in which people enjoy or appreciate art depends on their culture. To conclude my lecture, we can say that art is a reflection of various cultures. But at the same time, we have to remember that art also reflects the changes in society that
18、take place when different cultures influence one another. As people from tribal societies move to urban areas, their values and beliefs change accordingly and their traditional art forms begin to lose their function. At the same time, urban artists begin to learn a lot from traditional art. For exam
19、ple, African masks and figures had a great influence on Picassos works. And many American and Canadian artists study the simplicity of Japanese painting. The result is that as the world gets smaller, the art of each culture becomes more international. OK, this brings us to the end of our lecture. I
20、hope that after todays lecture, youll understand better the significance of the study of art history. Art enables us to know more about human history, for example, peoples views and opinions about certain historical events, and whats more important, about different cultures, their religious beliefs,
21、 perception of art etc. What Can We Learn from Art? .Introduction A. Differences between general history and art history -Focus : -general history: (1) -art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc. B. Significance of study More information and better understanding of human society an
22、d civilization. .Types of information A. Information in history book is (2) -facts, but no opinions B. Information in art history is subjective - (3) and opinions e.g.-Spanish painters works: misuse of governmental power -Mexican artists works: attitudes towards social problems .Art as a reflection
23、of religious beliefs A. Europe: (4) in pictures in churches B. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palaces Reason: human and (5) are not seen as holy C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: Masks, headdresses and costumes in special ceremonies Purpose: to seek the help of (6) to pro
24、tect crops, animals and people . Perceptions of Art How people see art is related to their cultural background A. Europeans and Americans - (7) -expression of ideas B. People in other places -part of everyday life - (8) use . Art as a reflection of social changes A. Cause of changes: (9) of differen
25、t cultures B. Changes -tribal people: effects of (10) on art forms -European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works -American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting 1.economics and war 2.objective 3.personal emotions 4.the Bible 5.animal images 6.the God 7.decoration
26、8.practical 9. influence; interaction 10.urbanizationSECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET. 题 11 - 15 原文 W: Nigel Linge is editor of Business Travel Weekly
27、. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now, what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays?M: Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. You know, all airports have a limit to the number of take-offs and landings they can handle.W: So what seems to be the proble
28、m?M: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If 60 aircraft are scheduled to take off between 5 p.m. and 5:15, and the airport can only handle 120 an hour, that means some will always be late landing or taking-off. And if the weather is bad, oh, you can imagin
29、e what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane, and then the planes have to line up to take off.W: So waiting at the lounge or on the plane is quite common.M: Certainly. And another problem thats very common is over-booking. Quite often you hear an announcement on the
30、airport loudspeakers: We have over sold on this flight and would like volunteers to go on the next flight out. If you decide to volunteer, you may get a cash bribe or free-trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight and a free phone call to whoever is meeting you on the
31、other end. And worse still, you arrive with confirmed reservation and you discover youve been bumped off the flight.W: Presumably, if you choose to travel at off-peak times, there are few problems.M: Well, there are no off-peak times, All flights seem to be full except Saturday. I dont quite underst
32、and why this is so. You know, if there is a public holiday, things are likely to be especially busy. The special fare systems on the airlines computers encourage more people to fly on less popular flights and this means that as a result all flights are equally full.W: So, what advice would you give to business travelers?M: rd say Avoid big airports if you can. The reason is there are too many flights there. Then, remember not to check your baggage if you can help it. Another thing i
