1、届上海高考英语一模试题之时态语态专题复习第3讲 时态语态专题 【奉贤】 grammar schools (22)_ (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families.【虹口】2. There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always
2、 a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) _ (treat) unfairly.3. “The real problem is that the whiners dont feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “(30) _ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually d
3、isappear.”【黄浦】4. Nationally, Norway (23) _has experienced_ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade.5. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) _saw_ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone.【金山】
4、6. With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily _22_ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera.【闵行】7. I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon 21 (bring) in when his body was found very swollen（浮肿的）.【
5、浦东】8. The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side _26_（heat）and the other side remains cool.【青浦】9. Kevin assumed the person on the boat (22) _ (jump) out of it. “Then I heard a warning signal with a loud sound,” says Kevin, now 42. “Thats (23) _I realized
6、 somebody was in trouble.”10. “I thought it was a life jacket,” he says. “When I caught up to it, I realized it (25) _ (attach) to a person.”【松江】11. We got up early to see the cows as they (23) _were milked_ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the c
7、ows into the field afterward.【徐汇】12. Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Goghs Olive Trees, when it (22)_ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.【杨浦】13.
8、 According to lifestyle website , slurping (发出哧溜声) when eating noodles (23) _ (encourage) in Japanese culture.【长宁嘉定】14. 21 (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States 22 (fall) behind the
9、 most.15. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching 30 (improve). Although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved
10、by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.【静安】16. To business with garbage containers polluted with more than 10 recyclables, warning (27)_ (issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.【普陀】17. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-ma
11、nufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.18. The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales last year less than 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) (ship) to foreign markets may improve, too. 【宝山】19. The best beliefs are
12、the ones that (22)_will be cherished/ are cherished_( cherish) throughout a lifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.20. Books (30)_helped_(help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. Thats the
13、biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.【崇明】21. People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.动词的
14、时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须借助于时态和语态来完成。高考试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其他语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括： 1注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系，正确理解时间概念，如是现在、过去还是将来，是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。2遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时
15、间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维。3把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。4考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。一、高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析1一般现在时与现在进行时(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作，常伴随使用usually，often，seldom等频度副词；现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，常跟now，at present等时间状语。He usually
16、 writes a lot of letters，but he isnt writing at present.他经常写许多信，但他现在没在写。(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时，不能用现在进行时。The Earth goes around the Sun.地球绕着太阳转。2一般过去时与过去进行时(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。(2)一般过去时用于表示一个
17、单纯动作，过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。Did he ask questions他提问题了吗He was asking questions all the time.他始终在提问题。(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一
18、直在画画，没干别的事)。(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事)。3现在完成时与一般过去时(1)两者都表示发生在过去的动作。但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，主要说明现在的情况；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一
19、时间，与现在不发生联系。例如：Theyve gone to Paris.他们到巴黎去了(说明他们现在去巴黎了，不在这里)。They went to Paris.他们去过巴黎(只说明去过，不表明是否现在仍在那里)。(2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间，可与so far，up to now，lately，ever since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用，但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。I havent seen the film yet.我还没看过这部影片(到目前为止)。I saw the film the da
20、y before yesterday.我前天看的这部电影(表明看电影的时间是在前天)。4过去完成时与一般过去时(1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用；即使没有时间状语，根据具体的语言环境，我们也可以作出明确的判断。(2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示在过去某时刻之前发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同，一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言，过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的，即“过去的过去”。5一般将来时与将来进行时一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。She is sixteen，who will be seve
21、nteen next year.她十六岁，明年将十七岁。What will you be doing at this time next Monday下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢5一般将来时与将来进行时一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。She is sixteen，who will be seventeen next year.她十六岁，明年将十七岁。What will you be doing at this time next Monday下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢(2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重
22、复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：Have you been meeting her lately(经常相见)Have you met her lately(不重复发生)(3)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩；而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(显然是在表扬玛丽)Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只说明一个事实)二、固定句型中的固定时态在某些固定句型里往往有固定的时态
23、要求，请体会下列句子中时态的运用：1This/It is the first/second. time I have done sth.That/It was the first/second. time I had done sth.2It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad.3I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.5No soo
24、ner had I got home than the telephone rang.6It wont be long before he comes back./It wasnt long before he came back.7I didnt manage to understand it until he had explained it again.8祈使句and(or/or else/otherwise)并列分句(并列分句中谓语动词多用一般将来时)三、被动语态1被动语态的构成英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由“
25、助动词be过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：2.主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况(1)英语中有很多动词，如break，catch，clean，drive，look，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily，well等副词连用。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。The sign reads as follows.这牌子告示如下。This material wont w
26、ear.这种材料不耐穿。The machine runs well.这种机器运转良好。特别提醒：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。(2)表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sound，taste，look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理。(3)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repai
27、red.这所房子需要修理。(4)在某些“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame/let也属于主动形式表被动意义。Who is to blame for the mistake谁应为这个错误接受谴责The houses are to let
28、.这些房子有待出租。(6)介词in，on，under等名词构成介词短语表被动意义。表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：under control受控制；under treatment在治疗中；under repair在修理中；under discussion在讨论中；under construction在施工中；beyond belief令人难以置信；beyond ones reach鞭长莫及；beyond ones control无法控制；beyond our hope我们始料不及；for sale出售；for
29、 rent出租；in print在印刷中；in sight在视野范围内；on sale出售；on show展出；on trial受审；out of control控制不了；out of sight超出视线；out of ones reach够不着；out of fashion不流行。如：The rumor is beyond belief(cant be believed)那个谣言令人难以置信。Today some treasures are on show(are being shown)in the museum.今天一些珍宝正在博物馆展出。高中英语语法精选100题 ( )1. Ms Na
30、ncy didnt mind at all _ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited ( ) 2. “_ your meeting is!” he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success( ) 3. We must rem
31、ember that _fashion is not the most important thing in _ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the( ) 4. It _ quite a few years _ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before( ) 5. The professor said he could talk on _ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it( ) 6. Under no circumstance _ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allo
