1、直接引语变间接引语语法讲解直接引语变间接引语直接引语 直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语，直接引语通常置于引号内（“引用原话”）。 “What is it all about?” “究竟是什么事呢？” “Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.” “没有什么，大惊小怪而已。” 间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的意思，或引用自己说过的话， 都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。 Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning. 玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。 He said that h
2、is hands were quite full at that moment. 他说那时他忙得不可开交。直接引语间接引语的区别 直接引语：直接引述别人的话（句子中有“”）。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”（句子中一般无“”） 二直接引语变间接引语 A.一般不表示请求或祈使的句子改为一个宾语从句 1.连词 若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句，那么改为间接时，要用连词 that (可以省略) .一般疑问句，.，要用连词 if/whether (不可以省略) .特殊疑问句，.，要用连词 wh- 即特殊疑问词本身（不可省） 2.变化 （1）主句动词的变化 一般说来，主句谓语动词常为sa
3、id或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said不变。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb. （2）从句人称的变化 由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。例如： They said, “We will go there by bus.” They said they would go there
4、by bus. She said to me, “Are you interested in science?” She asked me if I was interested in science. His mother said to me, “He cant go to school.” His mother told me that he couldnt go to school. （3）、从句动词时态的变化 a. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。一般现在时一般过去时；一般过去时过去完成时；现在进行时过去进行时；现在完成时过去完成时；过去完成时过
5、去完成时（不变）；一般将来时过去将来时。例如： The girl said, “Im sorry for being late for class.” The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class. b. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如： He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he has finished his homework. She will say, “Ill do it
6、tomorrow.” She will say that shell do it the next day. c. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。例如： The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. （4）、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词的变化为thisthat， thesethose等；时间状语的变化为nowthen， todaythat day， yes
7、terdaythe day before, tomorrowthe next day等；地点状语的变化为herethere；动词的变化为comego（go 不要变come）。例如： 1. She said, “I will come this evening.” She said that she would go that evening. 2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” He said that his sister had been there three days bef
8、ore, but she was not there then. B.表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直
9、接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：She said, I am very happy to help you.She said that she was very happy to help you.2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：He asked me, Do you like playing football?He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.注意：大
10、多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：She asked me whether he could do it or not.He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：My sister asked me, How do you like the film?My sister aske
11、d me how I liked the film.4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：The captain ordered, Be quiet.The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。My teacher asked me, Dont laugh.My teacher asked me not to laugh.5. 一些注意事项(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：They told
12、their son,The earth goes round the sun.They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.(2)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that these/those, nowthen, todaythat day, yesterdaythe day before, last yearthe year before, agobefore, herethere等。例如：He said, I havent seen her today.He said tha
13、t he hadnt seen her that day.注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如： He asked Lucy, Where did you go?He asked Lucy where she went.Tom said, What do you want, Ann?Tom asked Ann what she wanted.直接引语变间接引语的五种方法1. 直接引语为陈述句时如何变为间接引语方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后(that也
14、可省略)：“I dont love her.” he says. 他说：“我不爱她。”He says that he doesnt love her. 他说他不爱她。【注意】(1)若引述动词用的是say to sb，则通常改为tell sb：“Its a secret.” he said to me. 他对我说：“这是秘密。”He told me that it was a secret. 他对我说那是秘密。(2)若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that：He says, “I like singing and I want to be a singer.” 他说：
15、“我喜欢唱歌，我想当歌手。”He says that he likes singing and that he wanted to be a singer. 他说他喜欢唱歌，想当歌手。在此种情况下，引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略，但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略，以免误解。2. 直接引语为一般疑问句时如何变为间接引语方法是：将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后：“Are you ill?” he asked. 他问：“你病了吗？”He asked if whether I was ill. 他问我是否病了。【注意】(1)改为宾语从句的间接引语要用
16、陈述句词序。(2)若直接引语引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等。3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时如何变为间接引语方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后：He asked, “When did she leave?” 他问：“她什么时候离开的？”He asked when she had left. 他问她什么时候离开的。【注意】(1)改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。(2)若直接引语引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等。4. 直接引语为祈使句时如何变为间接引语方法是：使用ask tell, order sb to do sth这一结构进行转换
17、，若祈使句为否定式，则用ask tell, order sb not to do sth，其中ask, tell, order的选择视句子的语气而定：“Come early tomorrow, Jim.” he said. 他说：“吉姆，明天早点来。”He told Jim to come early the next day. 他叫吉姆第二天早点来。“Dont be late again, Mary.” he said. 他说：“玛丽，不要再迟到了。”He told Mary not to be late again. 他叫玛丽不要再迟到了。【注意】(1)除动词ask, tell, orde
18、r外，有时也可能用其他动词：“Dont go out at night, Jim.” he said. 他说：“吉姆，晚上别出去。”He warned Jim not to go out at night. 他警告吉姆晚上不要出去。(2)若祈使句中没有呼语，应根据句意给动词ask, tell, order等补上适当的宾语：“Watch carefully.” he said. 他说：“仔细看着。”He told us to watch carefully. 他叫我们仔细看着。5. 直接引语变间接引语的非正常方法有时直接引语变为间接引语时，可根据具体的语境选用某种特定的方式，而不拘泥于以上通常方
19、法：“You had better hurry, Bill.” he said. 他说：“比尔，你最好快点。”He advised Bill to hurry. 他建议比尔快点。“Shall we meet at two?” he said. 他说：“我们两点集合好不好？”He suggested meeting at two. 他建议两点集合。“Shall I do it for you?” he asked. 他说：“我替你做好吗？”He offered to do it for me. 他主动提出替我做。“Could you help us?” he said. 他说：“请帮帮我们好吗？
20、”He asked me to help them. 他叫我帮帮他们。有些直接引语比较特殊，不太适宜用以上方法变间接引语，也应根据句意选用恰当的表达方式：“Thank you.” he said. 他说：“谢谢你。”He thanked me. 他向我表示感谢。“Good luck.” he said. 他说：“祝你好运。”He wished me good luck. 他祝我好运。He said, “Liar.” 他说：“你撒谎。”He called me a liar. 他骂我撒谎直接引语变间接引语语法讲解一、人称人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指
21、在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如： She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate，How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her s
22、ister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如： Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.二、时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she
23、 had lost a pen. （现在完成 过去完成）2. She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so. (一般现在 一般过去)3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。” She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 过去将来) 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。如： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the eart
24、h”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时
25、态不变。如： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是 过去时的形式时，（例：could,
26、should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said，“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.三、其它直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：指示代词 this -that these - those表示时间的词 now - then today - that day this week(month, etc.) - that week (month, etc.) yesterday - the day before last week
27、(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago - three days(a year)before tomorrow - the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here - there 动词 bring - take come - go四、句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” S
28、he said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. “Do you go t
29、o school by bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如： “Dont make
30、any noise,” she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如： He said, “ Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they should go to see the film.
