1、吴佳泽讲义 单选2011英语单项选择应试宝典高考单项填空题所考察的语言知识点多，覆盖面广，且突出语境化因素，旨在考查考生记忆、理解、掌握中学阶段所学基础语法、基本词汇以及习语的熟练程度和灵活运用语言的能力。考生除了必须具备扎实的基础外，还要有科学的解题方法。1.句子结构还原法英语中的许多句子会以各种结构出现，如倒装句，强调句等。试题还常以变化句型的方式来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。因此考生平时就留意它们的特征，透过复杂的语言环境，结合语法分析看透题目的意图。正确的方法有：1）将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句(1) What great difficulty we had_ her! A. pers
2、uade B. to persuade C. persuading D. persuaded 分析：C。易选D。此句考查感叹句式。可先将此句还原为陈述句式：We had great difficulty_ her.由have difficulty(in) doing sth.知C项符合条件。(2) Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002上海春招) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he exp
3、lained分析：A。易选D，考生依据常见搭配the reason why；处理此题首先应该将句子还原为正常语序，即：this is the reason_ at the meeting .。he explained前省略了一个that，that引导的是一个定语从句。 (3) Who would you rather have_the report instead of you?A. to write B. write C. writing D. written2）将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序(3) Mary thought that it was_ that Jane did her to
4、 lend her the beautiful car. A. possible B. kind C. necessary D. a favor 分析：D。句中的宾语从句是一个强调句式。将其转换为非强调句式: Mary thought that Jane did her_ to lend her the beautiful car. do sb a favor是习惯搭配,意为“帮某人一个忙”,由此可以确定D为正确答案 (4)_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008江苏卷）A. only i
5、f; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will分析：A。本题考查倒装句式。先将其转换为正常语序：You will be able to keep fit and stay healthy only if you eat the correct foods.由于是对主句进行倒装，所以选A。3）将省略句还原为完整句省略句可用于简单句及复合句，它的使用虽然能使句子更加简洁，但有时使人理解困难。在近年来的高考题中已多次出现省略句的考点。条件状语从句、时间状语从句等常用省略形式。解题时应根据语境逻辑需要将被
6、省略的内容补齐，从而达到正确理解的目的。(1)Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. （全国I卷）A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined分析：D。该题考查since时间状语从句中的动词时态。将第二句补充完整为：Yes, I have known since she _ the Chinese Society.主句为现在完成时，since的从句常用一般过去时。(2) One of the sides of the boar
7、d should be painted yellow, and _.(2000春季招生) A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white分析：C。易选A或D两项。C项补充完整应是the other should be painted white。A项中少了painted，B及D项中不能用another，因为木板只有两面，两面中的另一面只能用the other。(3) When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great succ
8、ess. (2004全国卷)A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced分析：B。将从句补充完整应为：When they were first introduced to the market。D项为进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行，与题意不符。(4)-What should I do with this passage?-_the main idea of each paragraph.A. Find out B. Finding out C. To find out D. Having find out(5)-Wh
9、at made her so sad?-_.A. She lost her money B. Losing her money C. She had lost her money D. Because she lost her money (6)Many volunteers are taking part in the construction of the library, which, when _,will open to the public. A. to be finished B. finished C. finishing D. having been finished 4）将
10、冗长题干还原为简单题干命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无效附加信息大胆合理地舍去，这样有利于抓住试题主干，为准确求解扫除障碍。(1)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春招)A. as B. which C. what D. that分析：C。该题考查名词性从句连接词的选用。插入语I thought可以舍去不看，at后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，因而填what。What在名词性从句中作主语、
11、宾语或表语；D项that在名词性从句总补充当任何成分。(2)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (2000全国卷）A. carry out B. carrying out C. to carry out D. carried out分析：D。先将此句改变为两个简单句: The managers discussed the plan. 和They would like to see the plan_ the next year. 这样我们就发现空白处应该用过去分词作宾语补足语,
12、表示被动意义,从而可以判断出C项为正确答案 (3) The farm as well as its neighbouring hills we once spent so much time _on a new look as rencently as last year.A. on has taken B. has taken C. on having taken D. having taken(4)Its dangerous to let children who are _go swimming in the river.A. too young to B. so young C. no
13、t old enough to D. so old(5)The old man insisted that the book Mr. Thompson talked about_.A. was worth reading B. was worth to be read C. being worth reading D. be worth reading(6)Is _48 hours _that man-made satellite_is made in our country to orbit the planet around?A. it; that; where B. it; when ;
14、 that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it ; that it takes; which5) 将被动式题干还原为主动式题干The teacher said time should be made good use of _ our lessons well.A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. being learned分析：C。考生易选A，受介词后接动名词短语形式影响。题干可以还原为：The teacher said we should make good use of time _ our lessons well
15、.很明显空白处所填应表示目的。2.语境分析法语境即一定的语言环境。近年的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽某些有效的信息。考生仅凭语法和词汇知识来判断某些单项填空题往往很难做出正确选择，只有分析具体的语言情境，同时要注意中西文化的差异，才能找出答案。(1) Could I ask you a rather personal question?Sure, _. (2008全国卷II)A. pardon me B. go ahead C. good idea D. forget it分析：B。由答语sure推知回答者答应对方的请求，go ahead这里意为“问吧”。(2) Good
16、 evening. Huangshan Hotel. Good evening. _? （2008安徽卷） A. Do you still have a room for tonight B. What would you like, please C. Is there anything I can do for you D. Who is that speaking, please分析：该题考查情境交际。由语境知，这是一电话对话。Huangshan Hotel.是旅馆前台人员的回答，故应排除B、C两项。由第一句可知，后者应试电话者，故只能是咨询“是否有房间？”因而A项符合语境。D项与宾馆无
17、关。(3) A cook will be immediately fined if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked分析：B。动词不定式表示将要发生的动作,过去分词表示完成被动的动作,现在分词表示正在进行的动作从语境“倘若厨师被发现在厨房里抽烟,他将马上被开除”可知,选项B为正确答案 (4)-You were out when I dropped in on you this morning.-I _for the airport to see a friend off.A. have
18、left B. left C. had left D. was leaving(5)I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with_.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 3. 标点暗示法标点符号在高考试题中占有一席之地。它在单选题干中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，特别是在定语从句或分词作状语等的结构时。其中分号有并列连词的功能。高中阶段的并列连词有and, but ,so for ,or .看到并列连词说明两个句子是并列的，如果没有并列连词，就要考虑用从句，非谓
19、语动词，独立主格结构等。破折号表示解释说明。(1) _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. （2008重庆卷）A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 分析：D该题考查非谓语动词。由题中的逗号可知，前面应是一个非谓语动词结构而非句子，we与fail形成主动关系，且“失败”发生在“发email”之前，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。(2) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ ar
20、e beyond our control.（2008湖南卷）A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 分析：B。该题考查非限制性定语从句。因为题干中逗号没有连词，所以不可能是个并列句，由此排除A项；又因为what, that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选B。(3)Please do me a favour-_my roommate David that I am leaving for Shanghai and stay there for two days.A. to inform B. informin
21、g C. inform D. informed(4)Not far from the club there was a garden, _owner seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.Not far from the club there was a garden, _owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.Not far from the club there was a garden, and_owner i
22、s seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.A.whose B.its C.which D.that(5) He wrote five novels, two of _translated into English.He wrote five novels, two of _ were translated into English.He wrote five novels, and two of _ were translated into English.A. it B. them C. which D. th
23、at 4.突破思维定式法(防止有陷阱就往里跳)思维定式即以习惯的方式解决问题的思路。命题者常利用考生熟悉的句型结构、固定搭配或母语等巧设陷阱，给考生造成假象。解题中，注意正确理解句意，克服思维定势才是解题的关键。(1) _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.（2008湖南卷） A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete分析：D。此题考生易选A。究其原因，他们认为complete和we形成主动关系，故而用现在分词结构，却不知此处是表示目的。(
24、2) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008福建卷） A. It B. What C. As D. Which分析：B。该题考察名词性从句。考生易选A或C，误把it当初形式主语，或将题目看成常见的as is known to 引导的非限制性定语从句，而没有看清前面是个主语从句且主语从句中又少主语，这里只有what有这个功能。(3) The home improvements have taken what little there is_ my spare time
25、. (NMET 2001)A. from B. in C. of D. at 分析：C。很多考生误选了B项考生是受了in ones spare time这个习惯搭配的干扰而不知道此处的what little与my spare time构成的是所有关系,即部分与整体的关系 (4)We should stop pollution_ longer.A.from living B.to live C.living D will live（5）Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqin
26、gAwhere B.that C.why D.when(6)We should do more such exercises in the future , I think, _those we did yesterday.A.as B.like C.about D.than(9)-Where did you get the information of the course?-It was on the Internet_different types of courses are advertised.A. that B. where C. whose D. which (10)Mr. K
27、ing, _car the little boy goes to kindergarten every day is his fellow friends father.A. whose B. in whose C. which D. in which (11)We could not afford to buy the books because _of us had _money on us.A. all ; no B. none ; any C. any; no D. no one; any (12) Everyone here will thank the firefighter fo
28、r the things they have done to prevent fires_the environment safer.A. make B. to making C, to make D. from making 5.固定搭配法固定搭配法就是根据词与词的搭配关系来找某问题答案的方法。常见的是一些特定的句型、句式和某些固定的短语搭配等。(1) It is often said that the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself. （2008江苏卷） A. / b
29、ut B. / or C. not or D. not but分析：D。本题考查的是固定搭配。not but 是固定词组，意为“不是而是”。(2) You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.(2008福建) A. for B. when C. with D. while分析：C。本题考查with的复合结构用法。with+名词+形容词，with的复合结构在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其它三项均为连词，应接句子。(3) I _ it as a basic p
30、rinciple of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. （2008江西卷） A. make B. look C. take D. think分析：C。本题考查固定短语的用法。take as “把当作”，题中it 做形式宾语。(4) I wonder _got him the job, his fluency in English or his good looks .A. which was it that B. what this was that C. which it was that D. how it was (5)Mr .Wang made up his mind to devote all he could_his oral English before going abroad。A.improve B。to improve C.improving D.to improving(6)Before he went abroad , he spent as much time as he_English.A.could learning B.learned C.to learn D.could learn(7)You
