1、3. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. （2009年6月）【分析】本句为并列复合句，主架为Nature is indif
2、ferent and a report showed a drop。But表转折。by the Fish and Wildlife Service为介词短语作report的后置定语。which can grow to as much as 400 pounds为非限制性定语从句，修饰loggerheads。be indifferent to意为“对无动于衷”。a drop in指“在方面下降”。【译文】但是大自然对人们的平等观念却漠不关心，渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示，北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降，尤其是一种能够长到400磅重的大海龟。4. The narrow stri
3、ps of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. （2009年6月）【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 beach are being squeezed。on which eggs为定语从句，修饰beach。squeezed后接了两个由on one side and on the other结构连接的状语：by devel
4、opment和by the threat。of rising sea levels为介词短语作threat的后置定语。as the oceans warm为原因状语从句。【译文】一方面是人类的开发，另一方面是海平面因海水变暖而上升，使得海龟们产卵的狭窄沙滩正在缩小。5. It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land （as egg-laying females, as eggs an
5、d as hatchlings）, we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. （2009年6月）【分析】本句为复合句，主架为It turns out that。according to Griffin为插入语。that while in the ocean为宾语从句。while在这里为连词，表转折。they spend on land为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是the weeks。括号内内容进一步解释they spend on land，as相当于“作为”。they spend in the ocean为省略了引导词的定语从
6、句，修饰the years。【译文】按照Griffin的说法，答案是这样：虽然我们对保护海龟们（产卵的母海龟，龟卵，小海龟）在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好，但是我们却忽略了它们在海里度过的岁月。6. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs （恐龙） will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugl
7、y could have won so much affection. （2009年6月）【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we must or。or表条件。get a handle on sth.指“着手处理某事”。that dinosaurs为定语从句，修饰的是a creature。leaving our 为现在分词短语作结果状语。how a affection为宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。固定短语meet ones end指“迎接末日，即死亡”，at the hands of为，指“出自之手，由完成”。【译文】最终，我们必须着手处理这些问题，否则，这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生物将会在人类手中灭
8、绝，从而给我们的后代留下疑问：为什么这么丑的生物却能获得人们如此多的关爱？7. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. （2009年6月）【分析】本句为复合句，主架为ec
9、onomists say families can。about to go into debt为families的后置定语，to fund four years为不定式作目的状语，of partying, as well as studying为介词短语作后置定语。that college investment为同位语从句，作knowledge的同位语；that should yield huge dividends为定语从句，修饰的是investment，在该从句中，unlike many bank stocks为插入语。The key will be to abandon the rath
10、er simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. （2008年12月）【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The key will be。to abandon sustainability为不定式作表语。which centre on the need damage为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是measures of sustainability。【译文】关键是要摒弃简单的、一成不变的可持续发展的方法，这些方
11、法以满足生产需要但又不增加对环境的破坏为中心。17. That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. （2008年12月）【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为That is a larger question and i
12、t is one。much修饰larger。than后接了两个由or连接的宾语从句：what should workers和how best border。that groups为定语从句，修饰的是one。在该定语从句中，谓语affects后跟两个由并列结构not only but 连接的宾语，分别是newcomers和groups。that have been here for generations为定语从句，修饰的是groups。【译文】这个问题，比“对没有合法身份的工人应该采取什么政策”、“怎样才能保证边境安全”之类的问题要重要得多，它不但影响到新移民，也影响到那些在美国生活了好几代的
13、族群。18. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. （2008年12月）【分析】本句为简单句，主架为Italians, Romanians and members became Americans and contributed t
14、o the building。of other so-called inferior races为介词短语作后置定语，修饰members。in ways too numerous to detail为插入语。【译文】随着时间的流逝，意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他被称作“劣等民族”的人成为了美国人中的典范，他们以各种各样的方式为建设伟大的美国贡献良多。19. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimila
15、tion, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores. （2008年12月）【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we ought to ask questions。as arguments campaign trail为时间状语从句。about, about为介词短语作后置定语，修饰questions。how to ensure为宾语从句，作about的宾语。that peopleshores为宾语从句，作ensure的宾语，在该从句中，on
16、ce outsiders为插入语。【译文】在总统竞选活动中，移民问题又再次升温，我们应该问些更广泛的有关“同化”的问题，即如何保证这些过去的局外人不会在这个国度永远处于边缘地位。20. Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the w
17、ay the concept is put to use. （2008年12月）【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为development is applied to everything, and it has become difficult to question。from to 意为“从到”，from to growth修饰everything。as a result表示结果。either or 意为“或者或者”，either or the way 作question的宾语。the concept is put to use是定语从句，先行词为way，在这里可以不用引导词。【译文】可持
18、续发展被应用到了从能源到洁净水和经济增长的几乎每个领域。结果，要想质问这一概念背后的基本假设或者这一概念是如何被执行的，就变得很困难。21. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. （2008年12月）【分析】本句为复合句。主句为This is especiall
19、y true in agriculture。where引导的非限定性定语从句sustainable perspectives修饰逗号前面的agriculture。historical and cultural perspectives意为“从历史和文化的角度”。【译文】这一现象在农业领域更是如此。在农业领域，可持续发展经常被当作进步的唯一标准，但人们忽略了从历史和文化的角度去合理地评价。22. Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainmen
20、t, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue.【分析】本句为复杂句。主句为UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue。Although引导让步状语从句。in terms of意为“在方面”，in terms attainment在句中作插入语。that引导的宾语从句作find的宾语。【译文】尽管墨西哥移民的孩子在教育和职业造诣方面比他们的父母做得要好，但加利福尼
21、亚大学洛杉矶分校的社会学家爱德华泰勒斯却发现，他们的收入没有增加。23. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks that large parts of the community may become mired （陷入） in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement.句子主干为Telles fears that。that引导的宾语从句作fears的宾语。破折号后的
22、内容对前面的内容进行解释说明，说明美籍墨西哥人正在步美国黑人的后尘。【译文】泰勒斯担心，美籍墨西哥人注定要步美国黑人的后尘大部分人都可能陷入看似永远的贫困和失意。24. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. （2008年6月）【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为It is sitting。It指代的是前文中的美元。at the Canadian dollar为介词短语。against 在这里表示美元与其他外币的兑换比率。【译文】美元对欧元的比率
23、也跌破记录，美元对加拿大元的比率更是跌到近三十年的最低点。25. Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. （2008年6月）句子主干为Europeans may view the U.S. as a superpower。view as意为“把看做”；第一句中的that引导定语从句，先行词为arrogant superpower。【译文】许多欧洲人会认为美国是一个傲慢自大的超级大国，对外国人不友好。但是，没有什么比疲软的美元更让他们觉得美国
24、温暖的了。26. We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. （2008年6月）主句为We see our kids college background as a prize。see as意为“把看做”；demonstrating为现在分词作定语修饰prize；how well weve raised them为demonstrating的宾语从句。【译文】我们将孩子的大学背景看做是对自己辛苦抚养他们的奖励。27. Underlying the hysteria
25、（歇斯底里） is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. （2008年6月）主句为Underlying the hysteria is the belief。Underlying the hysteria为现在分词做主语，that引导同位语从句，修饰belief。【译文】支撑这种疯狂的是这样一种信念：稀有的精英学位必定价值颇高。28. Im now applying to graduated school, which means someday Ill return to a profession wher
26、e people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. （2007年12月）主句为Im now applying to graduated school。which引导非限制性定语从句，作从句的主语。在定语从句中包含了一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句，作means的宾语。宾语从句中又嵌套了一个where引导的定语从句，修饰profession, where在从句中作状语。在这个定语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句，作get的宾语。【译文】目前，我在申请研究生学历，这就意味着有一天我重回职场时，人们会为了一己之利而对我
27、献媚。29. Like most people, Ive long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. （2007年12月）主句为Ive understood。主句谓语动词understood后有两个并列的that引导的宾语从句。在第二个宾语从句中包含一个省略that的定语从句people use，修饰gauge，还包含一个how引导的宾语从句。【译文】像大多数人一样，长期以来，我一直认为人们会以职业来评判我，我的职业才是人们用来评价我的聪明才智的标准。30. According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, theyd cut global residential power consumption （and
