1、改译为：这就使我们进而得以去区分一种更加正式的教育。参考译文： 这就使我们进而得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中去区分出一种更加正式的教育，也就是直接讲授或学校教育。（2）From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.【词汇突破】democratic：民主的 populist：平民主义的【主干识别:】our democratic and populist ur
2、ges have driven us to reject anything+定语从句【其他成分】says Hofstadter插入语；our democratic and populist urges have driven us to可提炼出 sth has driven sb to do 这个句型；that smells of elitism定语从句，修饰anything。（注意smell的介词搭配）【微观解析】若是觉得插入语干扰了正常的理解，可将这个句子变为Hofstadter aid ,”From the beginning of our history, our democratic
3、 and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism。”这样的由直接引语构成的宾语从句会降低句子的难度【难点揭秘】灵活的利用插入语改变句式是这个句子给我们的启示。【译文赏析】Hofstadter说，从我们的历史一开始，我们对于民主化和大众化的渴求就迫使我们拒绝一切带有精英主义色彩的东西（3）Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of lawnotwithstanding，of course，aconsidera
4、ble and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the otherof them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concernedthat its study is indispensable in order toappreciate adequately the full range ofpossible legal phenomena.词汇突破：notwithstanding prep.尽管；虽然 Indispensable 不可缺少的As far as
5、就而言 Enactments 实施 Coincidences 巧合 Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of lawthat its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range ofpossible legal phenomena. 结果状语难点在于插入语，as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned就其涉及的内容和实际的实施情况
6、而言a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them（这是一个名词结构，可以翻译为一个句子）伊斯兰法律同这种或那种法律（one or the other of them）存在着大量和不可避免的一致之处。当然，尽管，伊斯兰法律就其涉及的内容和实际的实施情况而言，同这种和那种法律之间存在着大量的和不可避免的一致之处，但是这种法律确实是一个与其他的形式的法律都如此不同的法律现象，以至于对它的研究确实是不可缺少的，这样才能充分理解所有可能的全部范围的法律现象。（4）The true en
7、emies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.【词汇突破】depletion：消耗（consume的同义替换词）ozone layer:臭氧层（碰到这种专业词汇不要慌张，
8、判断出它是一个名词即可）【主干识别】the enemies are those 加定语从句【其他成分】argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University插入语，相当于上一句中的says Hofstadter，of Stanford University做定语修饰Paul Ehrllch；a pioneer of environmental studies：插入语；who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other cons
9、equences of industrial growth定语从句修饰those。【微观解析】a pioneer of environmental studies插入语，改写为who is a pioneer of environmental studies就可以很快判断出它是修饰Paul Ehrllch的，而并非是句子的主语。定语从句中supporting global warming作evidence的定语（仍旧是修饰形式的变化）。【译文赏析】 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。（5） Ti
10、me was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on worthless species.Time was when主系表结构biologists somewhat over worded the evidence 表语从句that these creatures preserve the health of game by
11、 killing the physically weak, evidence的同位语从句之一；or that they prey only on species. evidence的同位语从句之二词汇点拨：Game 猎物 Preserve保持 the physically weak 体弱者prey 猎杀 somewhat或多或少 over worded 过多的提及（滥用）成分的点拨： Time was when= there was time when曾经有段时间，同位语从句的处理：或者 “即，”“也就是说”成分的处理：biologists somewhat over worded the e
12、vidence生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据，that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，or that they prey only on species.或者说它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据，即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。（6） But his primary task is not to think about the moral code w
13、hich governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 解析：这句话主要难在not. . . any more than.这一引导两个 句子进行比较的结构上。Any more than主要用在否定句当中，表示强调语气，如： He did not want to express himself any more strongly than he had to（不到万不得
14、已他并不想这样言辞激烈）。可以把这句话简化为这样一个结构便于理解： task is not to think about something, just as a businessman is not expected to do something（他的任务不是考虑，就如同不指望一个商人去做的一样）。 Rules都可译成“规范”。 除此之外，还应注意moral code和rules of conduct的译法，这里的code和rules都可译成“规范”。但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人会探索行业规范一样。那么现在我们来看一下这个句子:Nobody wit
15、h any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults.解析:这个句子同样是结构:not.any more than 的变体；在这里not 变成了nobody；Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertisement.先翻前半句
16、：任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真话，any more than + 否定含义，同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真话，同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。（7） Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor （with a beard） and did his share of noise-making.【词汇突破】deliciously 美
17、味的，但在这个句子里若是这样翻译就太死板了。在无法准确的理解副词意思的情况下，大可将其做very 来理解【主干识别】it is ironic+时间状语从句【其他成分】when you consider that 时间状语从句；who earns their living 非限制性定语从句，修饰Shakespeare，其特殊在于处于主谓之间，起到了主谓隔离的作用，这样处理使句子内部长短相间，错落有致，写作中可以灵活运用。【微观解析】首先要找清楚Shakespeare所搭配的动词是 was,而且was himself an actor （with a beard） and did his shar
18、e of noise-making.这个句子是强调句（部分强调），可还原为when you consider that Shakespeare was an actor （with a beard） and his share of noise-making.其次再找定语从句who earns their living的修饰对象是Shakespeare。【难点揭秘】这个句子的巧妙之处在于定语从句的位置以及为配合语气所做的强调处理，建议写作时适当运用.【译文赏析】想想给他们带来生机的莎士比亚本人就是一个演员（而且留胡子），他也是这些噪音的一部分，你就会觉得这一切颇具讽刺意味。【翻译点拨】did
19、his share of noise-making 在翻译时不要生硬的翻译为：为噪声的制造做出了自己的贡献，这里的翻译可以是：他也参与了噪声的制造或者是他就是噪声中的一部分。（8）This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.【词汇突破】discrimination：歧视 alphabet：字母表【主干识别】This
20、refers to discrimination against those加定语从句【其他成分】for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage：插入语，可改写为：for those who are unaware of such a disadvantage as yet理解起来会方便很多；as yet至今；whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet定语从句。【微观解析】若是对于句中的插入语理解起来有困难，不妨试着改变它的句式结构，将长定语还原为定语从
21、句，而这种方法的逆向思维可以与写作相结合，使文章的句式更加灵活多变。【译文赏析】对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视（9）Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls amon
22、g researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.【词汇突破】regularity 常规性；conformity 一致性；conventional 传统的desirable 令人满意的，令人希望的，值得拥有的例：It is desirable that you should be there by two oclock.（希望你两点能到那里。）【主干识别】Nor is management to be blamed. Nor置于句首引起倒装，正常语序为management is no
23、t to be blamed.【其他成分】if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect状语从句；for discriminating against the among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team状语。【微观解析】if regularity
24、 and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect主干为：regularity and conformity are as desirable；to a standard pattern定语修饰regularity and conformity；to the scientist状语； as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect. As 引
25、导的定语从句修饰 regularity and conformity，as在句中做 reflect的宾语，如果在科学家的论文中所反应出的对于标准模板的遵守和认同正是其所想得到的话。【难点揭秘】由于nor 置于句首所引起的倒装和由as 所引导的定语从句造成阅读上的困难。【译文赏析】如果在科学家的论文中所反应出的对于标准模板的遵守和认同正是其所想得到的话，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的思维与众不同的人，喜欢其中较为传统的善于团队合作的思想者而受到指责了。（10）But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediat
26、ely disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.glimpse快速的看一眼；Disregard 抛弃、丢弃；Irrelevant不相干；Instantaneously 立即；Winding 蜿蜒曲折的；Suspicious 可疑的the human mind can glimpse a rapidly ch
27、anging scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent并列的两个动词 glimpse和disregardthat is irrelevant 修饰 the 98 percent; focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 现在分词短语做状语，focus 的动作发出者就是句子主语human mind;微析：the monkey or the single suspicious
28、face 为focus on 的并列宾语译文赏析: 但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98的不相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。（11）With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, t
29、wo-generation households.【词汇突破】abandoned 抛弃；extended family 大家庭【主干识别】centralization has come with economic growth.在写作的时候可以用这个句型：with B has come A（随着BA）【其他成分】:fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolate
30、d, tow-generation households冒号后接定语修饰centralization。【微观解析】fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities为句子主干，where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.定语从句修饰cities。【难点揭秘】对于倒装的识别和系动词完成时态的识别。【译文赏析】随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国119亿公民，其中整整76的人口定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、
