1、跨文化管理 论文模版三改上 海 商 学 院旅游管理专业跨文化管理（全英语）课 程 论 文专 业：旅游管理班 级：141班学 号： 14451040101姓 名：陈佳婷 2016 年 12月 20日The Study of differences between Western cuisine culture and Chinese cuisine culture中西方饮食文化差异的研究报告byChen Jiating Registered No. 14451040101 Contents. Introduction 1II. Differences in Dietary Concepts 2A
2、. Pantheism to Foodism” B. Collectivism to IndividualismC. Pomp to Free simple.Differences in Banquet Etiquette 4A. Tableware differences: Chopsticks vs Knife and forkB. Differences in attendance time: Late to On timeC. Differences in seating arrangementsD. North-south to Left -right E. Men respect
3、women to Women first, equality between men and womenF. Differences in diet content: Seeking fine to Stress the need for balanced nutrition. Conclusion 7. Bibliography 7Abstract: Dietary culture is the sum total of human dietary behavior, conception, technology and its products. It shows human natura
4、l choice and dietary way of life that is suited to special geographical environment and humane environment through common practice. Cultural differences between China and America create the differences of food culture, which come from the different cultural values, ways of thinking and philosophy. B
5、y comparing the different cultural values between China and America, the paper mainly makes a research on the differences of American and Chinese food culture from the aspects of dietary conception, structure and table manners. It also states the food culture opposites in unity between these two cou
6、ntries, points out the trend and inevitability of their blending together. Lastly, it makes some suggestions on the development ways for Chinese fast food industry. Understanding their differences and rectifying the attitudes towards the individual culture will help to avoid the contradictions and c
7、onflicts brought forth by different food culture and values, and thus promoting culture exchange and development of the two countries. 饮食文化作为文化的重要方面，是指人类的各个群体对自然食物的分配方式的不同所引起的一切文化现象，是人们在饮食活动中所体现的物质和精神现象的总和。随着对饮食健康的重视，不少中外的营养学者都在研究各国的饮食习惯，旨在寻求更为合理的饮食结构。不同国家饮食文化的差异也是跨文化交际现象之一，在外语教学中研究这些差异可以培养人们在跨文化交际时
8、的适应能力。全球化形势下的跨文化交际，使世界上不同的饮食文化出现了互补和融合的态势，如果把比较有代表性的中美两国人们的饮食习惯做一个对比，会得出在饮食文化上值得探讨的问题。I. IntroductionDue to geographical characteristics, climate, customs and other factors ,food and beverage products will appear in the raw materials, tastes, cooking methods, eating habits on the different degrees o
9、f difference. It is precisely because of these differences , food products have a strong regionalism. Differences between Chinese and Western cultures created the difference between Chinese and Western food culture, and this difference comes from different ways of thinking and philosophy of life. Ch
10、inese people pay much attention to Heaven and Man, but Westerners focus on people-oriented.Chinese and western cultural differences have always been paid too much attention among the people. Food for the people, diet becomes one of the most basic human survival activities , it is not only the main c
11、ontent of human social life, but also a pioneer in culture. Whether it is from the harvest of raw materials, processing or from eating habits, eating methods and diet concept, they all reflect a nations cultural heritage, ethnic customs, production patterns and philosophy. Chinese peoples traditiona
12、l dietary practices are based on plant-based diets. Staple food is grain, complementary food is vegetables, including a small amount of meat. The main reason for the formation of the Central Plains region is the practice of agricultural production as the main mode of economic production. Being based
13、 on hot food and cooked food is also a major feature of Chinese people eating customs. This is related to the early development of Chinese civilization and cooking technology. Western countries uphold the nomadic, sailing ethnic cultural origin, hunting and breeding, breeding for a living, the tradi
14、tional diet to the main animal food. To collect, supplemented by planting, Hun Shi more, eat, wear, use are taken from animals. High-calorie, high-fat diet structure adapted to high latitudes of geography and climate. Combination of raw and cooked vegetables, vegetables, salad before a lot of time t
15、here. II. Differences in Dietary ConceptsA.Pantheism to Foodism In China, eat is not just eat, it is given a rich meaning. As the old saying goes, Food is the first necessity of the people, we can see the importance of diet in the hearts of the people. The idea food to the people, many scholars have
16、 also called it Pan-food. Among the people, diet is not just for meeting their stomach and taste, it is closely related with peoples lives and the spiritual world that people live in. For example, people used to make a greeting with Eat it?, it is obvious that the ancient people regard eat or eat an
17、d prepare as a very important thing. Children born to do full moon wine, adult marriage When to do a wedding banquet, longevity and well-being to do when the birthday banquet, long speech to be funeral, and so on, the Chinese peoples life is closely related with the diet. Eat can be seen as a way of
18、 communicating each other and expressing etiquette. Pan-food also has a full expression in the Chinese characters. Mr. Yi Zhongtian wrote in the “Gossip China”: If people call it mouth, the job is called rice bowls, etc. Another example is thinking of rejection, experience is called taste, jealousy
19、jealous , Happiness is called intoxicated , commonplace called commonplace , easily called side dishes visible food for the people in the hearts of Chinese people and life, the importance of diet.In the eyes of Westerners, eat is only a means of survival and communication. What they are really conce
20、rned is that nutrients and energy food can provide. From the Abraham Maslows Law of Demand and the American Etiquette Code, both can be seen. In the law of demand, the identified needs are divided into five levels, where the diet is at the lowest level. the United States etiquette Code has been the
21、purpose of the various types of banquet summarized as follows: to provide services to express their gratitude; Compared with Chinas eat, the Western eat only stay in the survival of communication, did not give more far-reaching meanings. A. Collectivism to IndividualismChinese people have been influ
22、enced by Confucianism and Taoism for the long time , they pursued benevolence and love and had a strong desire for a harmonious society. Such a dominant group of social values, it must be collectivism . From the one is enlightened, Chickens ascended to heaven to Friendship, Fellow Love ,World Friend
23、ship, Year Friendship and so on, Chinese group culture can be anywhere.In the feast at the same time, the Chinese people also like to sit around a large round table and toast from one to another, they enjoys chatting around the table with wine and beer. What a pleasant scene is! However, westerners
24、are more focused on the development of personality which it emphasizes individualism. Compared with China, their dominant values are individualism. When they have a meal, each of them have a small portion of food, not the same as the Chinese people refill the bowl with chopsticks from the public pla
25、tes. And generally the westerners talk with people sitting next in the small sound , unlike the full table conversation of Chinese. If they go out to eat together, it is also “Lets split the bill”.B. Pomp to Free simpleHolding a house to thrifty, hospitality to abundance is the traditional Chinese c
26、oncept. In addition, the Chinese people take notice of a good face , treating guests will be connected to face problems, so pomp is necessary. General formal dinner has seven or eight dishes, not including the former zero-mouth and the end of the dessert and soup drink. The more dishes and better qu
27、ality, the more hospitality and identity owners can show. Of course, a lot of food is not ran out .One of the most famous examples is the collection of the Manchu and Han diet characteristics of the giant banquet - Man-Han Banquet. Originally the Kangxi Emperor held the Man-Han banquet on his birthd
28、ay including sweet, sour, bitter and spicy dishes .A total of 108 can be described as a very luxurious, super royal and supreme style. The Westerners do not have such a face concept. Their grand Western feast is usually only six dishes, but only two dishes can be considered as food, the rest is but
29、a foil. As the usual dinner, food is more simple. In the United States, when friends dinner everyone will make contributions to the dinner, called Potluck, namely, everyone brings one dish, so that everyone can share.Even in the party, it is only to provide some simple food, does not provide the mai
30、n food. This proves Westerners dont pay much attention to how rich the food is, they hold party or dinner to adjust the atmosphere, so that guests enjoy a better time and promote the conversation.Differences in Banquet EtiquetteDue to different history and culture, there are many differences in the
31、banquet etiquette in the West. The following will mainly explain the difference between tableware, attendance time and arrangement. After understanding the differences between China and the West, it can help the communication of Chinese and Western parties at the banquet in case of some awkward thin
32、gs or funny jokes.A. Tableware differences: chopsticks vs knife and forkThe most obvious difference on tablewares is that the Chinese people with chopsticks and Westerners with a knife and fork. This is due to the impact of different cultures. China has long been affected by farming culture, like peace and stability of life, against aggression. Western countries because of the impact of hunting culture, like feis
