1、牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit3句型语法讲解七年级下Unit 3 句型、语法讲解1本节内容： 重要句型及语法： 1. How long have you been a teacher? I have been a teacher for quite a few years. I have been a teacher since quite a few years ago.语法链接：现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.例如：a) He has lived here
2、since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）b) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）for 和since for + 一段时间（for a week, for many years, for a long time等等）：（ prep. 达（时间段）之久；）Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 year
3、ssince + （表示过去某一时间的）时间点： （prep. & conj. 自从（过去时间点）以来） （since +单词）（since+词组）（since+从句（一般过去时）Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.例： I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you li
4、ved here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here? 含有For 和since时间状语的现在完成时和过去时的互相转换： 1. My uncle has been in the Army for 3 years. = (My uncle joined the Army 3 years ago.) 2. Peter has worked in this company since 2005. = (Peter started to work in this company in 2005.) = (Pet
5、er has worked in this company for 4 years.) 3. I have had the digital camera for 2 years. = I bought the digital camera 2 years ago.2）但是有些短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： He has left. 他离开了。 表示他不在这里， 在过去某个时候走的。 不能用 He has left for 3 days. 我们可以用 He has been away for 3 days. 他走了3天了。常见非延续性动词和延续性动词转化形式： 、用相应的延续性动词
6、或者近义词；buy - have, borrow - keep, put on - wear, catch/get a cold - have a cold, come/go/become - be.、转换成 be名词;join the Party - be a Party member,join the army - be a soldier,go to school - be a student.、转换成be + 介词短语 :go to school - be in school,join the army - be in the army.、转换成be + adj./adv. :die
7、- be dead, openbe open, get married-be married , close - be closed1 、转换成be + adv. :begin/start - be on, leave () - be away (from), gobe away finish - be over, ome/arrivebe here come backbe back练习：1.用for 或 since 填空：She has lived here_ 1980.We have studied English_ three years.He has been a policeman
8、_ several weeks.She has been ill _ last week.She has been in Beijing_ she found the job there.2.用现在完成时改写句子:1. He came to shanghai two weeks ago._2. He left Shanghai last month._3. He borrowed the book last week._4. His grandfather died in 2006._语法提高练习-现在完成时一、选择题1. How long have you _ here?A. come B.
9、 got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the stati
10、on to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B.
11、 have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? -
12、Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going1-5 DCBBB 6-10DCCBB二、句型转换 1. Ive worked here for ten years. （划线提问） you worked here?2.She has watched the film twice. （划线提问） has she watched the film、3. My sister left school three years ago. （同义句） My sister from school three years.4. My
13、friend wrote three letters last Sunday. （同义句）My friend three letters last Sunday.5. Mike has already found his watch. (否定句) Mike his watch 6. I have studied Greman for two years. （同义句） I have studied Greman 2. Whats Aunt Maggies job? What does an architect do? a waiter is a person who brings food to
14、 people A farmer is a person who grows vegetables in the field. A postman is a person who delivers letters A coach is a person who trains someone in sport A headmaster is a person who is in charge of a school3. keep the city safe 保卫城市的安全系动词keep： keep +名词/代词+形容词 常用来表示“使保持某种状态” eg. We should try to ke
15、ep the environment clean.keep +名词/代词+doing 表示“使保持做某事的状态eg. I am sorry to keep you waiting for a long time .4. A key ring is used for holding the keys.hold 本句中意为“拿着；抓住”的意思。还有“容纳；拥有；举行”之意。固定搭配有：hold back 阻止 hold on 等待；不要挂断5. Aunt Betty works in a company in Beijing, doesnt she? 反意疑问句： 陈述句+逗号+ 助动词/be 动
16、词/情态动词（肯定或否定） + 主语人称代词例如：Aunt Betty works in a company in Beijing, doesnt she? She often has lunch at school, doesnt she? Its very cold today, isnt it? Your father is unhappy, isnt he? It is impossible to learn English well without remembering more words, isnt it? My sister never tells a lie, does s
17、he? She can hardly speak Chinese, can she? He was seldom late for school, was he? I am an English teacher, arent I? （注：回答此类问题时， 应按实际情况当一般疑问句作答，用Yes或No；但回答 “前否后肯” 的句子时，它的中英文意思则不同。） -You cant do it, can you? （你不会做这事，是吗？） - No, I cant. （是的， 我不会。） - Yes, I can. （不， 我会的。） Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar (第
18、二部分词汇和语法)(共46分)I. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences(看图画，完成下列句子)：(共5分)1 2 3 4 51. A _ is in charge of a school.2. A _ trains others in sport.3. There is a wheat _ over there.4. Sally is a secretary. She type letters and _ phones. 5.A policeman catches _ and helps keep our city _. II. Fi
19、ll in the blanks according to the phonetic transcriptions.（根据所给音标，完成句子）：(共5分)1. An engineer designs _ mi:nz2. I have stayed here _ sins last Monday.3. Flowers _ fast when there is enough sunshine.4. Aunt Doris works in a _ kmpni in Shanghai.5. She has been an engineer for _ kwait a few years. III. C
20、omplete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词 的适当形式完成下列句子）: (共5分) 1. I saw two _ (thief ) break into a shop last night.2. Toms mother _ (teacher) music in a primary school.3. The teacher tells us to cross the road _ (safe).4. The weather was very _ (fantasy), lets go for
21、an outing.5. A cable car is used for _ (carry) people to the top of the hill.IV. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案): (共15分) ( ) 1. My uncle is _architect. He draws plans of buildings. A. a B. the C. an D. /( ) 2. Computers are super calculators and people often call _ electronic brains.A. they B. the
22、ir C. theirs D. them( ) 3. Betty has quite _ friends here. She often goes shopping with them. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little( ) 4. A(n) _ works in company and designs machines. A. architect B. engineer C. coach D. headmaster( ) 5. After his father passed away, Harry was in charge _ the family
23、 business. A. of B. for C. with D. at( ) 6. The roast beef tastes so _. May I have one more piece, mum?A. well B. bad C. terrible D. delicious ( ) 7. Its _ a good idea. A. very B. fairly C. quite D. quiet( ) 8. The country has _ soldiers in its army.A. million of B. millions of C. several million of
24、 D. several millions( ) 9. He didnt realize his mistake _ he was told about it.A. if B. while C. since D. until ( ) 10. Believe it or not, its said that people born in the year of the rat _ become excellent writers. A. should B. can C. must D. need( ) 11. My father _ in a travel agency since he _ sc
25、hool. A. worked; left B. has worked; has left C. works; leaves D. has worked; left( ) 12. My brother _ a car for three years. Hes a good driver. A. has bought B. bought C. has had D. drove ( ) 13. We use water _ flowers. A. for water B. to watering C. watering D. for watering( ) 14. David has made q
26、uite a few friends since he came to Shanghai._ A. some B. many C. several D. a few( ) 15. I like the party so much, but I have to go home. Its too late._.A. What a pity! B. Have another try. C. Congratulations! D. Its a pleasure.V. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word
27、can only be used once（将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次）:（共6分）A. phones B. keeps C. different D. besideE. inside F. suggested G. at the end of According to Xinhua News Agency, 3,000 yellow school buses started their service in Chongqing 1 2011. These school buses are like the ones in the US as we usually
28、see on TV and in movies.The school buses are bright yellow in color. They are stronger than the armys cars. They are from the US. The yellow school bus has a big nose. This 2 the students safe when other cars crash into the school bus. The bus also has some safety devices (设备), such as warning light
29、s and a stop signal arm.In China, school buses became popular in the past few years. On the bus, except the bus driver, there is always a teacher whose duty is to watch the students. Children usually rest on the bus. Some of them also recite texts. School buses in China are not free. The fee is 3 from school to school.More about yellow school buses in the USYel
