牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit3句型语法讲解.docx
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牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit3句型语法讲解.docx
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牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit3句型语法讲解
七年级下Unit3句型、语法讲解
1.本节内容:
重要句型及语法:
1.Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher?
Ihavebeenateacherforquiteafewyears.
Ihavebeenateachersincequiteafewyearsago.
语法链接:
现在完成时的"未完成用法"
指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
这里的动词要用持续性动词。
常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点)连用.
例如:
a)Hehaslivedheresince1978.
自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。
)
b)Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。
)
for和since
for+一段时间(foraweek,formanyyears,foralongtime等等):
(prep.达(时间段)之久;)
Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.
He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years
since+(表示过去某一时间的)时间点:
(prep.&conj.自从(过去时间点)以来)
(since+单词)
(since+词组)
(since+从句(一般过去时)
Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.
Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.
IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.
对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.
例:
Ihavelivedherefor10years.
Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?
Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.
Howlonghasshestoodhere?
含有For和since时间状语的现在完成时和过去时的互相转换:
1.MyunclehasbeenintheArmyfor3years.
=(MyunclejoinedtheArmy3yearsago.)
2.Peterhasworkedinthiscompanysince2005.
=(Peterstartedtoworkinthiscompanyin2005.)
=(Peterhasworkedinthiscompanyfor4years.)
3.Ihavehadthedigitalcamerafor2years.
=Iboughtthedigitalcamera2yearsago.
2)但是有些短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:
Hehasleft.他离开了。
表示他不在这里,在过去某个时候走的。
不能用Hehasleftfor3days.
我们可以用Hehasbeenawayfor3days.他走了3天了。
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词转化形式:
①、用相应的延续性动词或者近义词;
buy------have,borrow-----keep,puton------wear,
catch/getacold------haveacold,come/go/become------be.
②、转换成be+名词;
jointheParty------beaPartymember,
jointhearmy------beasoldier,
gotoschool------beastudent.
③、转换成be+介词短语:
gotoschool------beinschool,
jointhearmy------beinthearmy.
④、转换成be+adj./adv.:
die------bedead,open——beopen,getmarried-------bemarried,close------beclosed
1、转换成be+adv.:
begin/start------beon,leave(…)------beaway(from),go——beaway
finish------beover,ome/arrive——beherecomeback——beback
练习:
1. 用for或since填空:
• Shehaslivedhere_____1980.
• WehavestudiedEnglish______threeyears.
• Hehasbeenapoliceman______severalweeks.
• Shehasbeenill______lastweek.
• ShehasbeeninBeijing______shefoundthejobthere.
2. 用现在完成时改写句子:
• 1. Hecametoshanghaitwoweeksago.
_______________________________________________
• 2.HeleftShanghailastmonth.
__________________________________________
• 3. Heborrowedthebooklastweek.
________________________________________
• 4.Hisgrandfatherdiedin2006.
_________________________________________
语法提高练习-现在完成时
一、选择题
1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?
A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been
2.Mygrandpadied_________.
A.attheageofmy2B.for2years
C.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.
3.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.
A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen
4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.
A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that
5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?
--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.
A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet
6.--Whatanicedress!
Howlong_____you_____it?
--Just2weeks.
A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had
7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?
--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.
A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned
8.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.
A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live
9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?
--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.
A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto
10.--____youever____totheUS?
--Yes,twice.
A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going
1-5DCBBB6-10DCCBB
二、句型转换
1.I’veworkedherefortenyears.(划线提问)
youworkedhere?
2.Shehaswatchedthefilmtwice.(划线提问)
hasshewatchedthefilm、
3.Mysisterleftschoolthreeyearsago.(同义句)
Mysisterfromschoolthreeyears.
4.MyfriendwrotethreeletterslastSunday.(同义句)
MyfriendthreeletterslastSunday.
5.Mikehasalreadyfoundhiswatch.(否定句)
Mikehiswatch
6.IhavestudiedGremanfortwoyears.(同义句)
IhavestudiedGreman
2.What’sAuntMaggie’sjob?
Whatdoesanarchitectdo?
awaiterisapersonwhobringsfoodtopeople
Afarmerisapersonwhogrowsvegetablesinthefield.
Apostmanisapersonwhodeliversletters
Acoachisapersonwhotrainssomeoneinsport
Aheadmasterisapersonwhoisinchargeofaschool
3.keepthecitysafe保卫城市的安全
系动词keep:
keep+名词/代词+形容词常用来表示“使……保持某种状态”
eg.Weshouldtrytokeeptheenvironmentclean.
keep+名词/代词+doing表示“使……保持做某事的状态
eg.Iamsorrytokeepyouwaitingforalongtime.
4.Akeyringisusedforholdingthekeys.
hold本句中意为“拿着;抓住”的意思。
还有“容纳;拥有;举行”之意。
固定搭配有:
holdback阻止holdon等待;不要挂断
5.AuntBettyworksinacompanyinBeijing,doesn’tshe?
反意疑问句:
陈述句+逗号+助动词/be动词/情态动词(肯定或否定)+主语人称代词
例如:
AuntBettyworksinacompanyinBeijing,doesn’tshe?
Sheoftenhaslunchatschool,doesn’tshe?
It’sverycoldtoday,isn’tit?
Yourfatherisunhappy,isn’the?
ItisimpossibletolearnEnglishwellwithoutrememberingmorewords,isn’tit?
Mysisternevertellsalie,doesshe?
ShecanhardlyspeakChinese,canshe?
Hewasseldomlateforschool,washe?
IamanEnglishteacher,aren’tI?
(注:
回答此类问题时,应按实际情况当一般疑问句作答,用Yes或No;但回答“前否后肯”的句子时,它的中英文意思则不同。
)
--Youcan’tdoit,canyou?
(你不会做这事,是吗?
)
--No,Ican’t.(是的,我不会。
)
--Yes,Ican.(不,我会的。
)
Part2VocabularyandGrammar(第二部分词汇和语法)(共46分)
I.Lookatthepicturesandcompletethesentences(看图画,完成下列句子):
(共5分)
12345
1.A______isinchargeofaschool.
2.A______trainsothersinsport.
3.Thereisawheat______overthere.
4.Sallyisasecretary.Shetypelettersand______phones.
5.Apolicemancatches______andhelpskeepourcity______.
II.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothephonetictranscriptions.(根据所给音标,完成句子):
(共5分)
1.Anengineerdesigns______[mə´∫i:
nz]
2.Ihavestayedhere______[sins]lastMonday.
3.Flowers______[]fastwhenthereisenoughsunshine.
4.AuntDorisworksina______[´kΛmpəni]inShanghai.
5.Shehasbeenanengineerfor______[kwait]afewyears.
III.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子):
(共5分)
1.Isawtwo_______(thief)breakintoashoplastnight.
2.Tom’smother_______(teacher)musicinaprimaryschool.
3.Theteachertellsustocrosstheroad_______(safe).
4.Theweatherwasvery_______(fantasy),let’sgoforanouting.
5.Acablecarisusedfor_______(carry)peopletothetopofthehill.
IV.Choosethebestanswer(选择最恰当的答案):
(共15分)
()1.Myuncleis_______architect.Hedrawsplansofbuildings.
A.aB.theC.anD./
()2.Computersaresupercalculatorsandpeopleoftencall_______electronicbrains.
A.theyB.theirC.theirsD.them
()3.Bettyhasquite_______friendshere.Sheoftengoesshoppingwiththem.
A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little
()4.A(n)_______worksincompanyanddesignsmachines.
A.architectB.engineerC.coachD.headmaster
()5.Afterhisfatherpassedaway,Harrywasincharge_______thefamilybusiness.
A.ofB.forC.withD.at
()6.Theroastbeeftastesso_______.MayIhaveonemorepiece,mum?
A.wellB.badC.terribleD.delicious
()7.It’s_______agoodidea.
A.veryB.fairlyC.quiteD.quiet
()8.Thecountryhas_______soldiersinitsarmy.
A.millionofB.millionsofC.severalmillionofD.severalmillions
()9.Hedidn’trealizehismistake_______hewastoldaboutit.
A.ifB.whileC.sinceD.until
()10.Believeitornot,it’ssaidthatpeoplebornintheyearoftherat_______becomeexcellentwriters.
A.shouldB.canC.mustD.need
()11.Myfather_______inatravelagencysincehe_______school.
A.worked;leftB.hasworked;hasleftC.works;leavesD.hasworked;left
()12.Mybrother_______acarforthreeyears.He‘sagooddriver.
A.hasboughtB.boughtC.hashadD.drove
()13.Weusewater_______flowers.
A.forwaterB.towateringC.wateringD.forwatering
()14.DavidhasmadequiteafewfriendssincehecametoShanghai._______
A.someB.manyC.severalD.afew
()15.—Ilikethepartysomuch,butIhavetogohome.It’stoolate.
—_______.
A.Whatapity!
B.Haveanothertry.C.Congratulations!
D.It’sapleasure.
V.Completethefollowingpassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce(将下列单词填入空格。
每空格限填一词,每个单词只能填一次):
(共6分)
A.phonesB.keepsC.differentD.beside
E.insideF.suggestedG.attheendof
AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency,3,000yellowschoolbusesstartedtheirserviceinChongqing12011.TheseschoolbusesareliketheonesintheUSasweusuallyseeonTVandinmovies.
Theschoolbusesarebrightyellowincolor.Theyarestrongerthanthearmy'scars.TheyarefromtheUS.Theyellowschoolbushasabignose.This2thestudentssafewhenothercarscrashintotheschoolbus.Thebusalsohassomesafetydevices(设备),suchaswarninglightsandastopsignalarm.
InChina,schoolbusesbecamepopularinthepastfewyears.Onthebus,exceptthebusdriver,thereisalwaysateacherwhosedutyistowatchthestudents.Childrenusuallyrestonthebus.Someofthemalsorecitetexts.SchoolbusesinChinaarenotfree.Thefeeis3fromschooltoschool.
MoreaboutyellowschoolbusesintheUS
Yel
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