1、山西省山西大学附中学年高二上学期月考试题英语第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题，每题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIncredible Women You Didnt Learn About in History ClassHere are the stories of women you may not know about, but definitely shouldMaria Sibylla MerianBorn in Germany in 1647, Merian was fasci
2、nated by insects, and she began collecting, studying, and drawing them when she was as young as 13. She was one of the few naturalists of her time to actually study live insects. It was through her study of caterpillars（毛毛虫） that she discovered the truth about their life cycles. Her work provided ma
3、jor contributions to the field of entomology（昆虫学）。 Murasaki ShikibuMurasaki Shikibu, a Japanese woman, was widely considered to be the worlds first novelist. She was a noble woman living in Japan around the year 1000 AD. She wrote a two-part novel called The Tale of Genji, which tells a riches-to-ra
4、gs story about the son of a Japanese emperor forced to live as a common man. The Tale of Genji is widely considered to be a masterpiece of Japanese literature. Ada LovelaceAda was working to design early computing machines that she hoped would be able to quickly solve math problems. In addition to d
5、esigning this early computer program, she also was first to suggest that these computers might be able to do more than, well, calculate. She imagined them doing everything, from producing images to composing music. Lucy StoneBorn in 1818, Stone married a fellow activist and changed her name, but dec
6、ided to change it back a year later. She held the belief that a wife should no more take her husbands name than hers. She became the first American married woman to keep her maiden name for her entire life. Stone was also one of the founding members of the American Equal Rights Association and fough
7、t for the ending of slavery.1. What can readers learn about from The Tale of Genji？A. Ancient Japanese culture. B. Development of computer.C. Research on living things. D. Modern life of Japanese women.2. What do Maria Sibylla Merian and Ada Lovelace have in common？A. They were pioneers in computer.
8、 B. They devoted themselves to science.C. They created masterpieces of literature. D. They made progress in studying Insects3. Which of the following women fought for human rights？A. Lucy Stone B. Ada LovelaceC. Murasaki Shikibu D. Maria Sibylla MerlanB One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an or
9、der：I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange probleminability to read.In the library, I found my way into the “Childrens Room”. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The c
10、over of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my “secret sharer”, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my
11、beagle.There on the books cover was a beagle which looked identical（相同的） to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos：the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for th
12、e summer.Under the shade of a brush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog,
13、and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running togetherMy mothers call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something：I had read a book, and I had loved readin
14、g that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my “miraculous（奇迹）” experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. An
15、d years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.4. The authors mother told him to borrow a book in order to _.A. encourage him to do more walking B. let h
16、im spend a meaningful summerC. help cure him of his reading problem D. make him learn more about weapons5. The book caught the authors eye because_.A. it reminded him of his own dog B. he found its title easy to understandC. it contained pretty pictures of animals D. he liked childrens stories very
17、much6. Why could the author manage to read the book through？A. He was forced by his mother to read it. B. He identified with（对某事有同感）the story in the book.C. The book told the story of his pet dog. D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.7. Which one could be the best title of the passage？A. M
18、y Passion for Reading B. Mums Strict OrderC. Reunion with My Beagle. D. The Charm of a Book.CScientists have always been interested in the high level of organization in ant societies. American researchers have watched ants build life-saving rafts to keep afloat during floods. They also have recorded
19、 how ants choose their next queen the female whose job is to produce eggs.New technology is helping to improve researchers understanding of the insects. But there is still a lot to be learned.Fire ants living in Brazilian forests are perfectly at home in an environment where flooding is common. To s
20、ave themselves, the insects connect their legs together and create floating rafts. Some ant rafts can be up to 20 centimeters wide.David Hu is an engineer with the Georgia Institute of Technology, also known as Georgia Tech, saying, If you have 100 ants, which means 600 legs, 99 percent of those leg
21、s will be connected to a neighbor. So theyre very, very good at keeping this network. David Hu and other Georgia Tech researchers wanted to study ants and the secret of their engineering. They froze ant rafts and then looked at them with the help of computed technology, or CT images. The pictures sh
22、owed that larger ants serve in central positions to which smaller ants hold. The larger ants create pockets of air that keep the insects afloat.Scientists say small robots or materials that can change shape could be programmed in a similar way, working towards a shared goal.Researchers at North Caro
23、lina State University are also studying ants. They examined how Indian jumping ants choose the leader of the colony when they lose their top female or queen.8. The author takes fire ants as an example to tell us _ .A. how ants survive B. how ants seek foodC. how ants communicate D. how ants live tog
24、ether9. What can we know from what David Hu said in paragraph 4？A. Ants know the way to keep in touch in the river. B. Ants know the way to join together closely.C. Ants know the way to look for each other. D. Ants know the way to build a large raft.10. Why did the larger ants serve in central posit
25、ions in their ant rafts？A. To stress their importance. B. To help all the ants float.C. To fight against the enemies. D. To defend their top female.11. What ideas do the ants give us according to the passage？A. We can use similar-shaped machines in flooding areas.B. We can combine small robots or ma
26、terials into larger ones.C. Small and shape-changeable things might work just like ants do.D. Small robots or materials in the shape of ants can be made.DWeve all been there：in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones o
27、r, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem？Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find
28、yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small
29、talk is the grease（润滑剂） for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,he explains.The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect
30、 with others, not just communicate with them.In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction（互动） with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that
31、 those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,says Dunn.But interactions with peripheral（边缘的） members of our social network matter for our well-being a
32、lso.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.Small talk is the basis of good manners,he says.12.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph？A.Addiction to smartphones. B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers. D.Impatience with slow service.13.What is importan
