山西省山西大学附中学年高二上学期月考试题英语.docx
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山西省山西大学附中学年高二上学期月考试题英语.docx
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山西省山西大学附中学年高二上学期月考试题英语
第一部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)
第一节(共15小题,每题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
IncredibleWomenYouDidn'tLearnAboutinHistoryClass
Herearethestoriesofwomenyoumaynotknowabout,butdefinitelyshould
◆MariaSibyllaMerian
BorninGermanyin1647,Merianwasfascinatedbyinsects,andshebegancollecting,studying,anddrawingthemwhenshewasasyoungas13.Shewasoneofthefewnaturalistsofhertimetoactuallystudyliveinsects.Itwasthroughherstudyofcaterpillars(毛毛虫)thatshediscoveredthetruthabouttheirlifecycles.Herworkprovidedmajorcontributionstothefieldofentomology(昆虫学)。
◆MurasakiShikibu
MurasakiShikibu,aJapanesewoman,waswidelyconsideredtobetheworld’sfirstnovelist.ShewasanoblewomanlivinginJapanaroundtheyear1000AD.Shewroteatwo-partnovelcalledTheTaleofGenji,whichtellsariches-to-ragsstoryaboutthesonofaJapaneseemperorforcedtoliveasacommonman.TheTaleofGenjiiswidelyconsideredtobeamasterpieceofJapaneseliterature.
◆AdaLovelace
Adawasworkingtodesignearlycomputingmachinesthatshehopedwouldbeabletoquicklysolvemathproblems.Inadditiontodesigningthisearlycomputerprogram,shealsowasfirsttosuggestthatthesecomputersmightbeabletodomorethan,well,calculate.Sheimaginedthemdoingeverything,fromproducingimagestocomposingmusic.
◆LucyStone
Bornin1818,Stonemarriedafellowactivistandchangedhername,butdecidedtochangeitbackayearlater.Sheheldthebeliefthat"awifeshouldnomoretakeherhusband'snamethanhers."ShebecamethefirstAmericanmarriedwomantokeephermaidennameforherentirelife.StonewasalsooneofthefoundingmembersoftheAmericanEqualRightsAssociationandfoughtfortheendingofslavery.
1.WhatcanreaderslearnaboutfromTheTaleofGenji?
A.AncientJapaneseculture.B.Developmentofcomputer.
C.Researchonlivingthings.D.ModernlifeofJapanesewomen.
2.WhatdoMariaSibyllaMerianandAdaLovelacehaveincommon?
A.Theywerepioneersincomputer.B.Theydevotedthemselvestoscience.
C.Theycreatedmasterpiecesofliterature.D.TheymadeprogressinstudyingInsects
3.Whichofthefollowingwomenfoughtforhumanrights?
A.LucyStoneB.AdaLovelace
C.MurasakiShikibuD.MariaSibyllaMerlan
B
OnedaywhenIwas12,mymothergavemeanorder:
Iwastowalktothepubliclibrary,andborrowatleastonebookforthesummer.Thiswasonemoreweaponforhertodefeatmystrangeproblem—inabilitytoread.
Inthelibrary,Ifoundmywayintothe“Children’sRoom”.Isatdownonthefloorandpulledafewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.Thecoverofabookcaughtmyeye.Itpresentedapictureofabeagle.Ihadrecentlyhadabeagle,thefirstandonlyanimalcompanionIeverhadasachild.Hewasmy“secretsharer”,butonemorning,hewasgone,givenawaytosomeonewhohadthespaceandthemoneytocareforhim.Ineverforgotmybeagle.
Thereonthebook’scoverwasabeaglewhichlookedidentical(相同的)tomydog.Iranmyfingersoverthepictureofthedogonthecover.Myeyesranacrossthetitle,Amos:
theBeaglewithaPlan.Unknowingly,Ihadreadthetitle.Withoutopeningthebook,Iborroweditfromthelibraryforthesummer.
Undertheshadeofabrush,IstartedtoreadaboutAmos.Ireadvery,veryslowlywithdifficulty.Thoughpageswereturnedslowly,Igotthemainideaofthestoryaboutadogwho,likemine,hadbeenseparatedfromhisfamilyandwhofinallyfoundhiswaybackhome.Thatdogwasmydog,andIwasthelittleboyinthebook.Attheendofthestory,mymindcontinuedthefinalsceneofreunion,onandon,untilmyownlostdogandIwere,inmymind,runningtogether
Mymother’scallreturnedmetotherealworld.Isuddenlyrealizedsomething:
Ihadreadabook,andIhadlovedreadingthatbook.EveryoneknewIcouldnotread.ButIhadreadit.BookscouldbeincrediblywonderfulandIwasgoingtoreadthem.
Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous(奇迹)”experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkableimprovementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.Andyearslater,shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.Thepowerofthewordshasheld.
4.Theauthor’smothertoldhimtoborrowabookinorderto________.
A.encouragehimtodomorewalkingB.lethimspendameaningfulsummer
C.helpcurehimofhisreadingproblemD.makehimlearnmoreaboutweapons
5.Thebookcaughttheauthor’seyebecause________.
A.itremindedhimofhisowndogB.hefounditstitleeasytounderstand
C.itcontainedprettypicturesofanimalsD.helikedchildren’sstoriesverymuch
6.Whycouldtheauthormanagetoreadthebookthrough?
A.Hewasforcedbyhismothertoreadit.B.Heidentifiedwith(对某事有同感)thestoryinthebook.
C.Thebooktoldthestoryofhispetdog.D.Thehappyendingofthestoryattractedhim.
7.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.MyPassionforReadingB.Mum’sStrictOrder
C.ReunionwithMyBeagle.D.TheCharmofaBook.
C
Scientistshavealwaysbeeninterestedinthehighleveloforganizationinantsocieties.Americanresearchershavewatchedantsbuildlife-savingraftstokeepafloatduringfloods.Theyalsohaverecordedhowantschoosetheirnextqueen—thefemalewhosejobistoproduceeggs.
Newtechnologyishelpingtoimproveresearchers’understandingoftheinsects.Butthereisstillalottobelearned.
FireantslivinginBrazilianforestsareperfectlyathomeinanenvironmentwherefloodingiscommon.Tosavethemselves,theinsectsconnecttheirlegstogetherandcreatefloatingrafts.Someantraftscanbeupto20centimeterswide.
DavidHuisanengineerwiththeGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,alsoknownasGeorgiaTech,saying,"Ifyouhave100ants,whichmeans600legs,99percentofthoselegswillbeconnectedtoaneighbor.Sothey'revery,verygoodatkeepingthisnetwork."
DavidHuandotherGeorgiaTechresearcherswantedtostudyantsandthesecretoftheirengineering.Theyfrozeantraftsandthenlookedatthemwiththehelpofcomputedtechnology,orCTimages.Thepicturesshowedthatlargerantsserveincentralpositionstowhichsmallerantshold.Thelargerantscreatepocketsofairthatkeeptheinsectsafloat.
Scientistssaysmallrobotsormaterialsthatcanchangeshapecouldbeprogrammedinasimilarway,workingtowardsasharedgoal.
ResearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityarealsostudyingants.TheyexaminedhowIndianjumpingantschoosetheleaderofthecolonywhentheylosetheirtopfemaleorqueen.
8.Theauthortakesfireantsasanexampletotellus_____.
A.howantssurviveB.howantsseekfood
C.howantscommunicateD.howantslivetogether
9.WhatcanweknowfromwhatDavidHusaidinparagraph4?
A.Antsknowthewaytokeepintouchintheriver.B.Antsknowthewaytojointogetherclosely.
C.Antsknowthewaytolookforeachother.D.Antsknowthewaytobuildalargeraft.
10.Whydidthelargerantsserveincentralpositionsintheirantrafts?
A.Tostresstheirimportance.B.Tohelpalltheantsfloat.
C.Tofightagainsttheenemies.D.Todefendtheirtopfemale.
11.Whatideasdotheantsgiveusaccordingtothepassage?
A.Wecanusesimilar-shapedmachinesinfloodingareas.
B.Wecancombinesmallrobotsormaterialsintolargerones.
C.Smallandshape-changeablethingsmightworkjustlikeantsdo.
D.Smallrobotsormaterialsintheshapeofantscanbemade.
D
We’veallbeenthere:
inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.
What’stheproblem?
It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.
Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast."Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem."
Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience."It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,"saysDunn."Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso."
Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,"hesays.
12.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?
A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.
C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.
13.Whatisimportan
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