1、Dietary Recommendations for Omega3 Fatty AcidsDietary Recommendations for Omega-3 Fatty AcidsMany leading authorities and nutrition and health organizations have developed specific dietary recommendations for omega-3 fatty acids for different countries around the world. We have obtained the followin
2、g information to improve education on omega-3 fatty acids by providing the global perspective on their requirements and the agencies that developed the information to improve human nutrition and health.United StatesOrganization (org. Type)Target PopulationRecommendationInstitute of Medicine12(Author
3、itative Body)Adult men 19 yrs ALA :1.6 g/day of which approximately 10% EPA+DHA Adult women 19 yrs ALA: 1.1 g/day of which approximately 10% EPA+DHA American Dietetics Association23(Expert Scientific Organization)General Adult Population 500mg/day long-chain PUFA intake March of Dimes32(Expert Scien
4、tific Organization)Pregnant and Nursing Women 200mg DHA from fish, fortified foods or supplements National Heart, Lung, and BloodInstitute, National CholesterolEducation Program13(Authoritative Body)Persons with CHD or multiple risk factors for CHD Supported AHA recommendation to include fish as par
5、t of a CHD risk reduction diet. Higher dietary intakes of n-3 PUFAs are an option for reducing CHD risk American Heart Association14(Expert Scientific Organization)All adults without CHD Eat fish (particularly fatty fish) at least two times a week; include oils and foods rich in ALA Patients with CH
6、D Consume approximately 1 g/day of EPA+DHA preferably from oily fish. EPA+DHA supplements could be considered in consultation with the physician Patients with high triglycerides 2-4 g/day EPA+DHA as capsules under a physicians care Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee16(Authoritative Body)General a
7、dult population Two servings of fatty fish per week, equivalent to 496mg EPA/DHA per day Council for Responsible Nutrition17(Expert Scientific Organization)General adult population Approximately 500mg/day EPA/DHA consumption from supplementation or fatty fish consumption Executive Office of the Pres
8、ident18(Authoritative Body)General populationDietary Guidelines and Food Guide Pyramid should be revised to emphasize the benefits of increasing consumption of foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality30(Authoritative Body)General adult populationFish and fish oil
9、supplements reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease GlobalOrganization (org. Type)Target PopulationRecommendationWorld Health Organization1(Authoritative Body)General adult population n-3 PUFAs: 1-2% of energy/day International Society for the Study of Fats and Lipids (ISSFAL)2(Expert Scientific O
10、rganization)General adult population DHA+EPA: 0.65 g/2000kcal/day DHA at least 0.22 g/2000kcal/day EPA at least 0.22 g/2000kcal/day Pregnant/nursing women DHA: 300 mg/day NATO Workshop on w-3 and w-6 Fatty Acids22(Expert Scientific Organization)General Adult Population 800mg EPA/DHA per day World As
11、sociation of Perinatal Medicine29(Expert Scientific Organization)Pregnant and Lactating Women 200mg DHA per day World Gastroenterology Organization24(Expert Scientific Organization)General Adult Population 3-5 fish servings per week to get EPA and DHA AustraliaOrganization (org. Type)Target Populati
12、onRecommendationNational Heart Foundation of Australia3(Expert Scientific Organization)General adult population 500mg EPA/DHA per day, obtained through fish, fish oil supplements, or enriched foods for prevention of heart disease Patients with documented CHD 1000mg EPA/DHA per day, obtained through
13、fish, fish oil supplements, or enriched foods for prevention of heart disease Patients with hypertriglyceridemia 1200mg of EPA/DHA from fish oil capsules and enriched foods as first-line therapy Raise to 4000mg of EPA/DHA per day, as needed. Australian & New Zealand Health Authorities (Department of
14、 Health & Ageing, National Health & Medical Research Council)28(Authoritative Bodies)Infants (0-12 mo) 0.5 g n-3 polyunsaturated fats/day adequate intake Boys & Girls (1-3 yrs) 40 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day adequate intake Boys & Girls (4-8 yrs) 55 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day adequate i
15、ntake Boys & Girls (9-13 yrs) 70 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day adequate intake Boys (14-18 yrs) 125 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day adequate intake Girls (14-18 yrs) 85 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day adequate intake Men (19+ yrs) 160 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day adequate intake Women (
16、19+ yrs) 90 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day adequate intake Pregnancy (14 -18 yrs) 110 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day Pregnancy (19-50 yrs) 115 mg total LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day Lactating - (14-18 yrs) 140 mg LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day Lactating - (19-50 yrs) 145 mg LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day Defen
17、ce Science and Technology Organisation, Department of Defence34(Authoritative Body)Men 610mg LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day dietary target Women 430mg LC n-3 (DHA+EPA+DPA)/day dietary target Male soldiers 610mg EPA+DPA+DHA/day Female soldiers 430mg EPA+DPA+DHA/day AustriaOrganization (org. Type)Target Pop
18、ulationRecommendationAustrian Society for Nutrition33(Expert Scientific Organization)General adult population 250mg LCPUFA/day for primary prevention of CVD General adult population 0.5% of energy total n-3 PUFA intake CHD Patients 1g LCPUFA/day for secondary prevention of CVD Pregnant & nursing wom
19、en At least 200mg DHA/day BelgiumOrganization (org. Type)Target PopulationRecommendationBelgian Superior Health Council20(Authoritative Body)Pregnant & nursing women 250mg DHA/day General adult population Two servings of fatty fish/week CHD Patients 1g EPA/DHA per day from capsules CanadaOrganizatio
20、n (org. Type)Target PopulationRecommendationHealth and Welfare, Canada4(Authoritative Body)General adult population 1.1-1.6 g/day total n-3 PUFA (ALA, EPA, DHA) Dieticians of Canada23(Expert Scientific Organization)General adult population 500mg long-chain PUFA/day EuropeOrganization (org. Type)Targ
21、et PopulationRecommendationExpert Workshop of the European Academy of Nutritional Sciences5(Expert Scientific Organization)General Adult Population People who do not eat fish should consider consuming marine n-3 PUFA equivalent to the amount obtained from fatty fish, namely 200 mg EPA + DHA daily Eu
22、ropean Food Safety Agency25(Authoritative Body)General Adult Population 250mg EPA+DHA per day Pregnant & Lactating Women 100-200mg DHA per day in addition to normal adult requirements Children 7-24 months 100mg DHA per day Children 2-18 years 250mg EPA+DHA per day The PeriLip and EARNEST projects of
23、 the European Commission31(Expert Scientific Organization)Pregnant & Lactating Women 200mg DHA/day FranceOrganization (org. Type)Target PopulationRecommendationAFFSA21(Authoritative Body)General Adult Population General Nutrition o 250mg DHA per day (previously 120mg) o 250mg EPA per day o 500mg EPA
24、+DHA per day 500mg per day for metabolic disease risk reduction 500-750mg per day for cardiovascular disease risk reduction 500mg per day for breast and colon cancer risk reduction 200-300mg per day for neuropsychiatric risk reduction 500mg per day for AMD risk reduction Infants (0-6 months) 0.32% o
25、f fats from DHA EPA Infants & Toddlers (6 months to 3 years) 70mg DHA per day Children (3-9 years) 125mg DHA per day 250mg EPA+DHA per day Adolescents (9 to 18 years) 250mg DHA per day 500mg EPA+DHA per day Pregnant & Nursing Women 250mg DHA per day 500mg EPA+DHA per day GermanyOrganization (org. Ty
26、pe)Target PopulationRecommendationGerman Society for Nutrition33(Expert Scientific Organization)General adult population 250mg LCPUFA / day for primary prevention of CVD General adult population 0.5% of energy total n-3 PUFA intake CHD Patients 1g LCPUFA/day for secondary prevention of CVD Pregnant
27、& nursing women At least 200mg DHA/day JapanOrganization (org. Type)Target PopulationRecommendationMinistry of Health, Labor andWelfare(Authoritative Body)General adult population6 n-6:n-3 PUFAs: 4:1 Infants (0-5 months) - boys and girls26 0.9g total omega-3 per day Infants (6-11 months)- boys and g
28、irls26 1.0g total omega-3 per day Toddlers (1-2 years) - Boys26 1.1g total omega-3 per day Toddlers (1-2 years) - Girls26 1.0g total omega-3 per day Children (3-5 years) - Boys and Girls26 1.5g total omega-3 per day Children (6-7 years) - Boys and Girls26 1.6g total omega-3 per day Children (8-9 yea
29、rs) - Boys26 1.9g total omega-3 per day Children (8-9 years) - Girls26 2.0g total omega-3 per day Children (10-11 years) - Boys and Girls26 2.1g total omega-3 per day Children (12-14 years) - Boys26 2.6g total omega-3 per day Children (12-14 years) - Girls26 2.1g total omega-3 per day Children (15-1
30、7 years) - Boys26 2.8g total omega-3 per day Children (15-17 years) - Girls26 2.3g total omega-3 per day Adults (18-49 years) - Men26 2.6g total omega-3 per day Adults (18-49 years) - Women26 2.2g total omega-3 per day Adults (50-69 years) - Men26 2.9g total omega-3 per day Adults (50-69 years) - Women26 2.5g total omega-3 per day Adults (Over 70 years) - Men26 2.2g total omega-3 per day Adults (Over 70 years) - Women26 2.0g total omega-3 per day Pregnant Women26 2.1g total omega-3 per day Nursing Women26 2.4g total omega-3 per day NetherlandsOrganization (org
