Dietary Recommendations for Omega3 Fatty Acids.docx
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Dietary Recommendations for Omega3 Fatty Acids.docx
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DietaryRecommendationsforOmega3FattyAcids
DietaryRecommendationsforOmega-3FattyAcids
Manyleadingauthoritiesandnutritionandhealthorganizationshavedevelopedspecificdietaryrecommendationsforomega-3fattyacidsfordifferentcountriesaroundtheworld.Wehaveobtainedthefollowinginformationtoimproveeducationonomega-3fattyacidsbyprovidingtheglobalperspectiveontheirrequirementsandtheagenciesthatdevelopedtheinformationtoimprovehumannutritionandhealth.
UnitedStates
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
InstituteofMedicine12
(AuthoritativeBody)
Adultmen³19yrs
∙ALA:
1.6g/dayofwhichapproximately10%EPA+DHA
Adultwomen³19yrs
∙ALA:
1.1g/dayofwhichapproximately10%EPA+DHA
AmericanDieteticsAssociation23
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
GeneralAdultPopulation
∙500mg/daylong-chainPUFAintake
MarchofDimes32
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
PregnantandNursingWomen
∙200mgDHAfromfish,fortifiedfoodsorsupplements
NationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstitute,NationalCholesterolEducationProgram13
(AuthoritativeBody)
PersonswithCHDormultipleriskfactorsforCHD
∙SupportedAHArecommendationtoincludefishaspartofaCHDriskreductiondiet.Higherdietaryintakesofn-3PUFAsareanoptionforreducingCHDrisk
AmericanHeartAssociation14
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
AlladultswithoutCHD
∙Eatfish(particularlyfattyfish)atleasttwotimesaweek;includeoilsandfoodsrichinALA
PatientswithCHD
∙Consumeapproximately1g/dayofEPA+DHApreferablyfromoilyfish.EPA+DHAsupplementscouldbeconsideredinconsultationwiththephysician
Patientswithhightriglycerides
∙2-4g/dayEPA+DHAascapsulesunderaphysician'scare
DietaryGuidelinesAdvisoryCommittee16
(AuthoritativeBody)
Generaladultpopulation
∙Twoservingsoffattyfishperweek,equivalentto496mgEPA/DHAperday
CouncilforResponsibleNutrition17
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
Generaladultpopulation
∙Approximately500mg/dayEPA/DHAconsumptionfromsupplementationorfattyfishconsumption
ExecutiveOfficeofthePresident18
(AuthoritativeBody)
Generalpopulation
DietaryGuidelinesandFoodGuidePyramidshouldberevisedtoemphasizethebenefitsofincreasingconsumptionoffoodsrichinomega-3fattyacids.
AgencyforHealthcareResearchandQuality30
(AuthoritativeBody)
Generaladultpopulation
Fishandfishoilsupplementsreducetheriskofcardiovasculardisease
Global
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
WorldHealthOrganization1
(AuthoritativeBody)
Generaladultpopulation
∙n-3PUFAs:
1-2%ofenergy/day
InternationalSocietyfortheStudyofFatsandLipids(ISSFAL)2
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
Generaladultpopulation
∙DHA+EPA:
0.65g/2000kcal/day
∙DHAatleast0.22g/2000kcal/day
∙EPAatleast0.22g/2000kcal/day
Pregnant/nursingwomen
∙DHA:
300mg/day
NATOWorkshoponw-3andw-6FattyAcids22
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
GeneralAdultPopulation
∙800mgEPA/DHAperday
WorldAssociationofPerinatalMedicine29
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
PregnantandLactatingWomen
∙200mgDHAperday
WorldGastroenterologyOrganization24
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
GeneralAdultPopulation
∙3-5fishservingsperweektogetEPAandDHA
Australia
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
NationalHeartFoundationofAustralia3
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
Generaladultpopulation
∙500mgEPA/DHAperday,obtainedthroughfish,fishoilsupplements,orenrichedfoodsforpreventionofheartdisease
PatientswithdocumentedCHD
∙1000mgEPA/DHAperday,obtainedthroughfish,fishoilsupplements,orenrichedfoodsforpreventionofheartdisease
Patientswithhypertriglyceridemia
∙1200mgofEPA/DHAfromfishoilcapsulesandenrichedfoodsasfirst-linetherapy
∙Raiseto4000mgofEPA/DHAperday,asneeded.
Australian&NewZealandHealthAuthorities(DepartmentofHealth&Ageing,NationalHealth&MedicalResearchCouncil)28
(AuthoritativeBodies)
Infants(0-12mo)
∙0.5gn-3polyunsaturatedfats/dayadequateintake
Boys&Girls(1-3yrs)
∙40mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/dayadequateintake
Boys&Girls(4-8yrs)
∙55mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/dayadequateintake
Boys&Girls(9-13yrs)
∙70mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/dayadequateintake
Boys(14-18yrs)
∙125mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/dayadequateintake
Girls(14-18yrs)
∙85mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/dayadequateintake
Men(19+yrs)
∙160mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/dayadequateintake
Women(19+yrs)
∙90mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/dayadequateintake
Pregnancy(14-18yrs)
∙110mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/day
Pregnancy(19-50yrs)
∙115mgtotalLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/day
Lactating-(14-18yrs)
∙140mgLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/day
Lactating-(19-50yrs)
∙145mgLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/day
DefenceScienceandTechnologyOrganisation,DepartmentofDefence34
(AuthoritativeBody)
Men
∙610mgLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/daydietarytarget
Women
∙430mgLCn-3(DHA+EPA+DPA)/daydietarytarget
Malesoldiers
∙610mgEPA+DPA+DHA/day
Femalesoldiers
∙430mgEPA+DPA+DHA/day
Austria
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
AustrianSocietyforNutrition33
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
Generaladultpopulation
∙250mgLCPUFA/dayforprimarypreventionofCVD
Generaladultpopulation
∙0.5%ofenergytotaln-3PUFAintake
CHDPatients
∙1gLCPUFA/dayforsecondarypreventionofCVD
Pregnant&nursingwomen
∙Atleast200mgDHA/day
Belgium
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
BelgianSuperiorHealthCouncil20
(AuthoritativeBody)
Pregnant&nursingwomen
∙250mgDHA/day
Generaladultpopulation
∙Twoservingsoffattyfish/week
CHDPatients
∙1gEPA/DHAperdayfromcapsules
Canada
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
HealthandWelfare,Canada4
(AuthoritativeBody)
Generaladultpopulation
∙1.1-1.6g/daytotaln-3PUFA(ALA,EPA,DHA)
DieticiansofCanada23
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
Generaladultpopulation
∙500mglong-chainPUFA/day
Europe
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
ExpertWorkshopoftheEuropeanAcademyofNutritionalSciences5
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
GeneralAdultPopulation
∙Peoplewhodonoteatfishshouldconsiderconsumingmarinen-3PUFAequivalenttotheamountobtainedfromfattyfish,namely200mgEPA+DHAdaily
EuropeanFoodSafetyAgency25
(AuthoritativeBody)
GeneralAdultPopulation
∙250mgEPA+DHAperday
Pregnant&LactatingWomen
∙100-200mgDHAperdayinadditiontonormaladultrequirements
Children7-24months
∙100mgDHAperday
Children2-18years
∙250mgEPA+DHAperday
ThePeriLipandEARNESTprojectsoftheEuropeanCommission31
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
Pregnant&LactatingWomen
∙200mgDHA/day
France
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
AFFSA21
(AuthoritativeBody)
GeneralAdultPopulation
∙GeneralNutrition
o250mgDHAperday(previously120mg)
o250mgEPAperday
o500mgEPA+DHAperday
∙500mgperdayformetabolicdiseaseriskreduction
∙500-750mgperdayforcardiovasculardiseaseriskreduction
∙500mgperdayforbreastandcoloncancerriskreduction
∙>200-300mgperdayforneuropsychiatricriskreduction
∙500mgperdayforAMDriskreduction
Infants(0-6months)
∙0.32%offatsfromDHA
∙EPA
Infants&Toddlers(6monthsto3years)
∙70mgDHAperday
Children(3-9years)
∙125mgDHAperday
∙250mgEPA+DHAperday
Adolescents(9to18years)
∙250mgDHAperday
∙500mgEPA+DHAperday
Pregnant&NursingWomen
∙250mgDHAperday
∙500mgEPA+DHAperday
Germany
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
GermanSocietyforNutrition33
(ExpertScientificOrganization)
Generaladultpopulation
∙250mgLCPUFA/dayforprimarypreventionofCVD
Generaladultpopulation
∙0.5%ofenergytotaln-3PUFAintake
CHDPatients
∙1gLCPUFA/dayforsecondarypreventionofCVD
Pregnant&nursingwomen
∙Atleast200mgDHA/day
Japan
Organization(org.Type)
TargetPopulation
Recommendation
MinistryofHealth,LaborandWelfare
(AuthoritativeBody)
Generaladultpopulation6
∙n-6:
n-3PUFAs:
4:
1
Infants(0-5months)-boysandgirls26
∙0.9gtotalomega-3perday
Infants(6-11months)-boysandgirls26
∙1.0gtotalomega-3perday
Toddlers(1-2years)-Boys26
∙1.1gtotalomega-3perday
Toddlers(1-2years)-Girls26
∙1.0gtotalomega-3perday
Children(3-5years)-BoysandGirls26
∙1.5gtotalomega-3perday
Children(6-7years)-BoysandGirls26
∙1.6gtotalomega-3perday
Children(8-9years)-Boys26
∙1.9gtotalomega-3perday
Children(8-9years)-Girls26
∙2.0gtotalomega-3perday
Children(10-11years)-BoysandGirls26
∙2.1gtotalomega-3perday
Children(12-14years)-Boys26
∙2.6gtotalomega-3perday
Children(12-14years)-Girls26
∙2.1gtotalomega-3perday
Children(15-17years)-Boys26
∙2.8gtotalomega-3perday
Children(15-17years)-Girls26
∙2.3gtotalomega-3perday
Adults(18-49years)-Men26
∙2.6gtotalomega-3perday
Adults(18-49years)-Women26
∙2.2gtotalomega-3perday
Adults(50-69years)-Men26
∙2.9gtotalomega-3perday
Adults(50-69years)-Women26
∙2.5gtotalomega-3perday
Adults(Over70years)-Men26
∙2.2gtotalomega-3perday
Adults(Over70years)-Women26
∙2.0gtotalomega-3perday
PregnantWomen26
∙2.1gtotalomega-3perday
NursingWomen26
∙2.4gtotalomega-3perday
Netherlands
Organization(org
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