1、英语考试内容整理614一、单选Unit 11、emulate（v.效仿、模仿）= imitate（v.模仿、仿效）2、dedicated（adj。专注的献身的）= devoted（adj。献身的；忠诚的；v。献身于，致力于）3、encompass(vt。包含；包围、环绕；完成）= include(vt。包含、包括）4、inception（n.开创、开端）= beginning(n。开始；起点；v。开始；创建)5、competence(n。能力、胜任;权限）= ability(n.能力、能耐；才能）6、compliment(n.夸奖、称赞；恭维；v。称赞）= praise（n.赞扬；称赞;崇拜；
2、vt/vi.赞美）7、skyrocket（v.急升、猛升；激增、激涨）= rise suddenly（迅速的增加）8、buck【v。(人坐在马背时，马）猛烈颠簸;】= resist（v.抵抗,反抗)9、regardless of（不管、不顾)= in spite of（不管、不顾）10、reach out to（递给.。.；主动联系）= give help to（给.帮助）Unit 31、imminent（adj。即将来临的；迫近的）= impending(adj。即将发生的；迫切的；v。迫近）2、dismantle(v.拆开，拆卸；废除）= cancel（v.取消；撤销；废除）3、murky
3、（adj.阴暗的、黑暗的；朦胧的）= gloomy(adj.阴暗的、幽暗的；令人沮丧的）4、brim(v。含满；充盈；n.帽檐、帽边）= fill(v。充满；装满；挤满；弥漫、遍及）5、suspicious(adj。怀疑的、猜疑的）= distrustful(adj.怀疑的；不信任的；可疑的）6、vulnerable（adj.易受伤的；易受攻击的；感情脆弱的）= weak（adj。虚弱的；无力的）7、flimsy(adj。脆弱的;易损坏的;不周密的）= fragile（adj.脆弱的、易碎的、易损坏的）8、veteran（n。经验丰富的人；老兵；老手）= experienced(adj.老练、
4、熟练的；富有经验的）9、adversary(n。对手、敌手）= opponent（n.对手、敌手、反对者）10、malicious（adj。恶意的；恶毒的；怀恨的）= hostile（adj.敌对、不友善的；怀有敌意的）Unit 51、gauge（v。判定、判断；测量）= evaluate（vt.评价;估价；求。.的值;vi。评价；估价）2、surveillance(n。监视、监督)= monitoring（n.监视;监控;检验、检查；v。监视、监督）3、stem（v。阻止、遏制、封堵；堵住、止住）= stop（v.停止)4、outmoded（adj。过时的、废弃的)= outdated(ad
5、j。过时的;旧时的)5、panacea(n.万全之策、万应灵丹）= cure-all（n.万应灵丹、灵丹妙药）6、hindrances（n。障碍;障碍者）= obstacle(n。障碍、阻碍、干扰；妨碍物、障碍物）7、unscathed（adj。未受伤的）= unhurt(adj.未受伤的)8、refers to(指的是.)= means（v。意思是。.、表示.。什么的意思）9、pop up（突然出现）= appear suddenly（突然、迅速出现)10、under way（进行中；在行进；在航行）= in progress（正在进行；在发展中）Unit 71、appropriate（ad
6、j。恰当的；合适的）= suitable（adj。适当的;相配的）2、mitigate（v.减轻、缓解、缓和)= lessen（v。减轻、减少）3、aforementioned（adj。上述的;前面提及的）= previous（adj。以前的;早先的；先前的）4、deflect（v。使转向；转移；干扰)= redirect（vt。使改方向；重新寄送;adj.再直接的）5、deleterious(adj.有毒的、有害的）= harmful（adj.有害的）6、hazardous（adj.危险的、不安全的)= dangerous（adj.危险的、不安全的）7、stall(v.拖延；拖住;延误;熄火
7、;n。货摊、摊位；畜栏、牛棚)= stop（v.停止、中止）8、conceivably（adv.令人信服地；可相信地;想象得到地）= imaginably（adv。可想象地）9、in terms of（依据，按照；在.。方面）=by way of（用。.。方式，借着)10、ultimate（adj.最终的、最后的）= final（adj。最后的、最终的）二、完形填空Unit 1Starbucks realized early on that motivated and committed human resources were the key to the success of a reta
8、il business. Therefore the company took great care in selecting the right kind of people and made an effort to retain them .Consequently， the companys human resource policies reflected its commitment to its employees.Starbucks relied on its baristas and other frontline staff to a great extent in cre
9、ating the ”Starbucks Experience” which differentiated it from competitors。 Therefore the company paid considerable attention to kind of people it recruited . Starbucks recruitment motto was ”To have the right people hiring the right people。 Starbucks hired people for qualities like adaptability, dep
10、endability and the ability to work in a team. The company often stated the qualities that it looked for in employees upfront in its job postings。 which allow prospective employees to self-select themselves to a certain extent. Having selected the right kind of people, Starbucks invested in training
11、them in the skills they would require to perform their jobs efficiently。 Starbucks was one of the few retail companies to invest considerably in employee training and provide comprehensive training to all classes of employees, including part-timers. Analysts said that Starbucks biggest challenge in
12、the early 2000s would be to ensure that the companys image as a positive employer survived its rapid expansion program, and to find the right kind of people in the right numbers to support these expansion plans. Considering the rate at which the company was expanding, analysts wondered whether Starb
13、ucks would be able to retain its spirit even when it doubled or tripled its size. By the early 2000s, the company began to show signs that its generous policies and high human resource costs were reflecting on its financial strength。 Although the company did not reveal the amount it spent on employe
14、es ，it said that it spent more on them than it did on advertising, which stood at68.3 million in fiscal 2004. That the company was finding its human resource costs burdensome was reflects in the fact that it effected an increase of 11 cents on its beverage prices in mid-2004。 Analysts wondered wheth
15、er the companys cost problems could be met by a price increase，as customers already paid a premium for Starbucks beverages. On the other band，it would not be easy for the company to cut down on benefits， as it could result m a major morale problem within the company.Unit 3The powerful attack that ta
16、rgeted dozens of government and private sites underscored how unevenly prepared the U。S。 government is to block such multipronged assaults. While Treasury Department and Federal Trade Commission Web sites were shut down by the software attack which lasted for days over the holiday weekend， others su
17、ch as the Pentagon and the White House were able to fend it off with little disruption.The North Korea link , described by three officials， more firmly connectde the U。S. attacks to another wave of cyber assaults that hit government agencies Tuesday in South Korea。 The officials said that while Inte
18、rnet addresses have been traced to North Korea, that does not necessarily mean the attack involved the Pyongyang government. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly on the manor。 South Korea intelligence officials have identified North Korea a
19、s a suspect in those attacks and said that the sophisticate of the assault suggested it was carried out at a higher level than just rogue or individual hackers. U.S。 officials would not go that far and declined to discuss publicly who may haveintrusionthe intrusion or how it was done. In an Associat
20、ed Press interview, Philip Reitinger, deputy under secretary at the Homeland Security Department， said the far-reaching attacks demonstrate the importance of cybersecurity as a critical national security issue. The fact that a series of computers were involved in an attack， Reitinger said， doesnt sa
21、y anything about the ultimate source of the attack.”What it says is that those computers were as much a target of the attack as the eventual Web sites that are targets， said Reitinger， who heads DHS cybersecurity operations。”Theyre just zombies that arc being used by some unseen third party to launc
22、h attacks against government and non-government Web sites。” Targets of the most widespread cyber offensive of recent years also included the National Security Agency, Homeland Security Department and State Department， the Nasdaq stock market and The Washington Post, according to an early analysis of
23、 the software used in the attacks. The Associated Press obtained the target list from security experts analyzing the attacks. They provided the list on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the investigation. Other experts in cyber assaults said the incident shined a har
24、sh light on the U。S。 governments efforts to protect all of its agencies against web-based attacks。Unit 5Swine flu is killing young people rather than the very elderly, and although winter is just starting, more young people have already died of flu than normally die over the entire winter.Nearly 500
25、0 people worldwide are known to have died of swine flu so far. But on average 36,000 are said to die of flu each winter in the US alone. On the basis of such numbers, many have concluded wrongly-that swine flu is less dangerous than normal flu. These numbers should not be compared directly. The 36,0
26、00 figure comes from epidemiological studies. Because the timing of flu outbreaks varies from year to year， the normal number of deaths in any month can be compared with the number of deaths in the same month when there was a flu outbreak, says Lone Simonsen of George Washington University in Washin
27、gton DC。 Such studies reveal a bulge in deaths during and just after the flu season every year, mainly among the elderly. Many are clearly due to flu and other lung infections that can follow it, but more than half are not obviously connected,because flu often kills in indirect ways, by triggering h
28、eart attacks or strokes, for instance. By contrast, the deaths attributed to swine flu are those directly caused by respiratory infection with the pandemic virus。 Indirect deathsthe majority of the 36，000 figure for regular flu-are not being counted. The full death toll for 2009 H1N1 flu will not be
29、 known for a while， if ever。 Perhaps there will be fewer deaths than normal because older people， more at risk from secondary events such as heart attacks, have some immunity to the virus. However, the total seems likely to be higher simply because the virus will infect far more people than normal,
30、and it kills directly more often. The impact of a pandemic is not simply about the number of deaths, though。 This pandemic， like previous ones, is killing mainly young people， not the very elderly as flu normally does. By early October， 76 children and adolescents in the US had already died of swine
31、 flu. That is more than the usual winter toll. and the winter has just begun. Think of it this way. 2009 H1N1 flu is effectively two diseases: ordinary flu for most, a lung disease that can kill quickly in a few。 Most of the severe cases are in cases are in babies, and adult aged between 20 and 50.
32、The impact of the deaths of young adults， on dependent families and the economy， will be much greater than that of the deaths among the elderly。Unit 7Scientists have known for years that exposure to microgravity rapidly weakens bones， and the new research shows the effects can last for a year or more after astronauts return to Earth. The results stress the need to find ways to minimize the damage done during spaceflight， researchers said, because bone recovery on Earth may take a while.Shreyasee Amin, an associate professor
