1、刘炳善英国文学简史完整版免费刘炳善英国文学简史完整版 （免费）英国文学简史完全版A Concise History of British LiteratureChapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon PeriodI.IntroductionI The historical background(1)Before the Germanic invasion(2)During the Germanic invasiona.immigration;b.Christianity;c heptarchy.d.social classes stnicture:
2、 hide-hundred; eoldennen (lord) 一 thane - middle class (freemen) - lower class (slave or bondmen: theow);e.social organization: clan or tribes.E military Organization;g.Church function: spirit, civil service, education;h.economy: coins, trade, slavery;i.feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j .leg
3、al system.2.The Overview of the culture(1)The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.(2)Literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.II.Beowulf.1 A general introduction.2.The content.3.The literary features.(1 ) the use of alliteration(2)the use of metaphors and understatements(3)the mixtu
4、re of pagan and Christian elements111.The Old English Prose1 .What is prose?2.figures(1)Hie Venerable Bede(2)Alfred the GreatChapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval Ages LIntroduction1 The Historical Background(1)The year 1066: Norman Conquest.(2)The social situations soon after the conque
5、st.A.Norman nobles and serfs;B restoration of the church.(3)The 11 th century.A. the crusade and knights.B dominance of French and Latin;(4)The 12th centuryA. the centralized government;B.kings and the church (Henry II and Thomas);(5)The 13th century.A.The legend of Robin Hood;B.Magna Carta (1215);C
6、 the beginning of the ParliamentD. English and Latin: official la ng uages (the end)(6)The 14th century.a.the House of Lords and the House of Commonsconflict between theParliament and Kings;b.the rise of towns.c the change of Church.d.the role of women.e.the Hundred Years* War一starting.f.the develop
7、ment of the trade: Londong.the Black Death.h.the Peasants1 Revolt1381 i.The translation of Bible by Wycliff.(7)The 15th century.a.The Peasants Revolt (1453)b.The War of Roses between Lancasters and Yorks.c.the printing-press一William Caxton.d.the starting of Tudor Monarchy (1485)2.The Overview of Lit
8、erature.(1)the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittanygreat myths of the Middle Ages.(2)Geoffrye of Monmouth一Historia Regum BrilanniaeKing Authur.(3)Wace一Le Roman de Brut.(4)The romance(5)the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chauce r.Il.Sir Gawin and Green Knight1.a
9、 general introduction.2.the plot.IILWilliani Langland.1.Life2.Piers the PlowmanIV.Chaucer1.Life2.Literary Career: three periods(1)French period(2)Italian period(3)master period3.The Canterbury TalesA. The Framework;B. The General Prologue;C.The Tale Proper.4.His Contribulion.(1 ) He introduced from
10、France the rhymed stanza of various types.(2)He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language(3)The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modem English speech.V.Popular Ballads.VLThomas
11、Malory and English ProseVIl.The beginning of English Drama.1.Miracle Plays.Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16lh century, reaching its height in the 15th century The si
12、mple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace2.Morality Plays.A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters
13、 which are personified abstractions 一 figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.3.Interlude.The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was iniended. as its name implies, to be used more as a illler than as the main pail of an entertai
14、nment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.Chapter 3 English Literature in t
15、he Renaissance LA Historical BackgroundII. The Overview of the Literature (1485-1660)Printing press一readershipgrowth of middle class一trade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literatureHumanismstudy of the literature of classical
16、 antiquity and reformed educatio n.Literary style-modeled on the ancients.The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents.1.poetryThe first tendency by Sidney and Spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.The second t
17、endency by Donne: metaphysical styleomplexity and ingenuity The third tendency by Johnson: reaction lassically pure and restrainedstyle.The lourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical Lradition.2.Dramaa.the native tradition and classical examplesb.lhe drama stands highest in popular es
18、timation: Marlowe 一 Shakespeare 一 Jonson.3.Prosea.translation of Bible;b.More;c Bacon.II.English poetry.1.Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard (courtly makers)(1)Wyatt: introducing sonnets.(2)Howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse2.Sir Philip Sidneypoet, critic, prose writer(1)Li
19、fe:a.English gentleman;b.brilliant and fascinating personality;c.courliei;(2 ) worksa.Arcadia: pastoral romance;b.Astrophel and Stella ( 108 ) : sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereuxplatonic dcvotion.Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativenessbuilding of a narrative story; theme-l
20、ove originality-act of writin gc.Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literaturebeginning of literaiy criticism.3.Edmund Spenser(1 ) life: Cambridge - Sidneys friend “Areopagus Ireland -Westminster Abbey(2)worksa.The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.b.Amoretti
21、 and Epitlialamion: sonnet sequencec.Faerie Queene:1 The general end A romantic and allegorical epic一steps to virtue1 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance Justice and courtes y.1 Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory (symbolic meani ng)I Many allusions to classical writ
22、ers1 Themes: puriUtnism, nationalism, humanism and RenaissanceNeoclassicisma Christian humanist.(3 ) Spenserian Stanza.TTI.English Prose1.Thomas More(1 ) Life: Renaissance man scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer,diplomat, patron of artsa.1 earned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford;b.studies
23、law at Lincoln Tnn;c.Lord Chancellor;d.beheaded.(2)Utopia: the first English science fiction.Written in Latin, two parts, the second一place of nowhereA philosophical mariner (Raphael Hythloday) tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopiaa.The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner d
24、epicting his philosophy.b.The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anythingc.the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.d.the book and the Republic: an attempt to
25、 describe the Republic in a new way. but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.e.i played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval othei*worldliness towards Renaissance secularism f.the Utopia(3)the significancea.i( wa
26、s the first champion of na(ional ideas and nationa】languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.b.a elegant l.atin scholar and the father of English prose: he composed works in English, translated from Latin into English biography, wrote Histor
27、y of Richard ITT.2.Francis Bacon: writer, philosopher and statesman(1 ) life: Cambridge - humanism in Paris 一 knighted - Lord Chancellor - bribeiy - focusing on philosophy and literature(2)philosophical ideas: advancement of sciencepeople:servants and interpreters of naturemethod: a child before nat
28、urefacts and observations: experimental.(3)“Essays: 57.a.he was a master of numerous and varied styles.b.his method is to weigh and balance maters, indicating the ideal course of action and the practical one, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each, but leaving the reader to make the f
29、inal decisions(arguments) IV.English Drama1 A general survey.(1 ) Everyman marks the beginning of modern drama(2)two influences.a.lhe classics: classical in form and English in content;b.native or popular drama(3)the University Wits.2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and
30、most gifted of the Wits.(1 ) Life: first interested in classical poetrythen in drama(2 ) Major worksa.Tamburlaine;b.The Jew of Malta;c.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus(3) The significance of his plays.V. William Shakespearel.Life(1 ) 1564、Stratford-on-Avon;(2)Grammar School;(3)Queen visit to C
31、astle;(4)marriage to Anne Hathaway;(5)London, the Globe Tlieatre: small part and proprietor;(6)the 1st Folio, Quarto;(7)Retired, son一Hanuiet; H. 1616.2.Dramatic career3 Major plays-men-centered.(1 ) Romeo and Juliet tragic love and fate(2)The Merchant of Venice.Good over evil.Anti-Semitism.(3)Henry IV.National unity.Fal staff.(4)Julius CaesarRepublicanism vs. dictatorship(5)HaniletRevengeGood/evil.(6)OthelloDiabolic characterjealousygap between appearance and real ity.(7)King LearFilial ingr
