1、人教版新课标必修 3 Unit 4全单元 精讲讲义附练习答案人教版新课标必修 3 Unit 4全单元 精讲讲义Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars. 要点导读重点单词1. This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. (P26)development n. “发展；发达；出现；显影；开发”；其相应的动词是develop，常用搭配develop into，“把发展成为”；其形容词形式有developed (发达的；高度发展的)和developing
2、 (发展中的) eg: China is a developing country while America is a developed one. developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家2. Small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. (P26)spread vt &vi. “展开；伸展；传播”，其过去式和过去分词都是spread，可用于表示具体的事物、消息、疾病等的传播；spread to“蔓延；
3、传开”； spread over “蔓延；拖延”；spread out “铺开；展开”。 eg: In 20 years the city has spread quickly to the north. 3. He was very disappointed. (P28)disappointed adj. “失望的；失意的；受挫的”，可在句中作表语、定语或宾补。be disappointed at / about“对感到失望”；be disappointed with“因为而失望”。disappointed是由动词disappoint的过去分词形式演变而来，一般有被动意义。 eg: He w
4、as disappointed to hear they were not coming.disappointing adj.“令人失望的”，主语常是物或事，有时可用于最高级，如most disappointing，是由disappoint的现在分词演变过来的。可见-ing形容词和-ed形容词都是由其相应的动词转换而来的，这样的动词还有如amaze，bore，excite，exhaust， interest，satisfy，surprise，tire等。 eg: The disappointing news made us disappointed.“That was very exhaust
5、ing but very exciting too,” I exclaimed. (P31)经典短语1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. (P25)in time“及时；来得及；赶得上；最终”，往往是用在刚刚赶上某事情的发生且再晚点就来不及的情况；on time“准时”，可
6、以暗示做事情游刃有余。 eg: Will we be in time for the eight oclock class?The train arrived right on time.2. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. (P26)prevent from “阻止；制止”。prevent后面跟名词或代词作宾语，在宾语后面可跟from doing sth，from可以省略。 eg:
7、 She closed the gate to prevent the dog from going out of the garden.该短语的同义词组有stop from doing和keepfrom doing，三个短语意思一样，但prevent和stop可以省略from，keep后面不能省略from，如果省略了，意思就发生了变化。如： eg: The boss kept the workers from having a rest. 老板不让工人们休息。The boss kept the workers working day and night. 老板让工人们夜以继日地工作。3. W
8、hether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to cine will depend on whether this problem can be solved. (P26)depend on “依靠；信赖”，on可以换成upon，可构成depend on / upon sb for sth“依靠某人供给某物”，或depend on sb to do sth“依靠某人做某事”。eg: They shouldnt depend on foreign countries for oil.同义词组：rely on / upo
9、n；trust；count on等，三个动词(组)皆表“依靠”。eg: Can you rely on Tom to bring the food here?4. walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. (P31)now that“既然；由于”，属于引导原因状语从句的连词，that可省略。eg: Now (that) you mention it, I do remember the incident. now and then 有时；不时地 from now on 从现在 by no 到现在；至今5.
10、 We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. (P31)break out“发生”，常指战争、火灾、瘟疫、火山等爆发或突然发生；take place意为“发生”时，没有偶然的意思，是先行布置而后发生或举行的。eg: A fire broke out near here yesterday.The sports meeting will take place next Saturday. 热点语法：名词性从句 主语从句主语从句难点易错点小
11、结：一、主语从句的语序问题 主语从句和宾语从句等其它名词性从句一样要采用陈述语序，而非疑问句语序。eg: When shall we have our sports meet has not been decided. ()When we shall have our sports meet has not been decided. ()二、主句的谓语动词单复数问题 从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数形式。eg: That Beijing is the capital of China is known to everyone. 三、连接词的意义及作用从属连词有that / whether，
12、that无意义，不担任何成分，只起引导作用；whether“是否”，表示一种不确定的因素；连接代词what“的东西；事情”，可在从句中作宾语、定语和表语；who仍有疑问的意思“谁”，在从句中作主语；which“哪个”，在从句中作定语或主语；连接副词where“哪里”；why“为什么”；how“怎样”；when“何时”，在从句中作状语。四、it作形式主语主语从句过长时可用it作形式主语，that引导的真正的主语放在后面，且从属连词that可以省略。 eg: It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.五、whatever / whoe
13、ver / whichever的功用 whatever / whoever / whichever在主语从句中不含疑问意义，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that；whoever = anyone who。whatever，whoever还可引导让步状语从句，要注意加以区别。 eg: Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主语从句) Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (让步状语从句)六、if引导主语从句 如果用it作形式主语时，i
14、f可以引导主语从句，放在句末；如果主语从句放在句首时，不能用if引导。 eg: If he has received your letter is doubtful. () It is doubtful if he has received your letter. ()语法专练：1. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one2. was most imp
15、ortant to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As3. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who4. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt the season. A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however5. Having ch
16、ecked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where6. You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future. A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that7. matters m
17、ost in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which8. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is. A. what B. which C. how D. where9. parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children. A. That B. Which C. What D. As
18、10. The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that. 综合训练一、基础测试A. 单词拼写请根据汉语提示或首字母写出单词的正确形式1. There is a friendly a_ of helping each other with difficulties in study in our class. 2. It is possible to _ (繁殖) these bacteria in the
19、laboratory. 3. By the time they reached the top of the mountain they were e_.4. There is a big underground railway _ (系统) in London, which is good for travellers.5. There is a v_ wind outside and the snow is so heavy.6. To work out this problem, we have tried many m_. 7. As a middle school student,
20、you may find you are growing up _ (渐渐地).8. Oceans cover two thirds of the s_ of the earth while land covers one third of it.9. The earth is one of the nine p_ which go around the sun.10. Water _ (存在) in three forms, which are liquid, gas and solid.11. With the d_ of economy, peoples living standard
21、is better and better now. 12. Knowing that he failed to pass the exam, he felt very d_ and unhappy.13. The waste gas from the factory is h_ to our health. 14. Li Bai was one of the greatest poets, while Zhang Heng was one of the most famous Chinese a _ in the world. 15. It is the third time that his
22、 novel was p_ in this company.B. 请从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空in time, prevent from, depend on, cheer up, now that, break outcool down, get the hang of, spread, presence, explode, exist1. The coffee is _, so youd better drink it right now, or it will be too cold for you.2. Before ordering rooms for th
23、em, youd better make sure how many people will be _ at the meeting.3. We must try to _ the new telephone system before we use it so that we may use it freely.4. He was unhappy at first but soon _ after lunch. 5. The Sun is very important to the mankind. Man _ it for heat and light.6. You neednt work
24、 today. _ you are ill, you may have a rest at home.7. The First World War _ in 1914 and ended in 1918.8. If birds want to fly, they have to _ their wings and wave them up and down.9. Explorers have been sent to Mars to make sure whether life _ on it.10. On New Years Eve we may hear fireworks _ here
25、and there. We dont think it noisy but exciting.11. I miss my hometown so much that nothing can _ me _ going back.12. If we dont hurry up, we wont be _ to catch the airplane. C. 请根据中文意思及提示，翻译下列句子1. 他们是否允许我们离开还没有定下来，所以我们要继续等。(whether)2. 我们都知道他不诚实而且经常撒谎。(its known to sb)3. 说实话，他是个靠得住的人。(depend on)4. 他怎
26、样克服的那个坏习惯，谁也不清楚。(get rid of)5. 他们在月球上的感觉和地球上听说的完全不一样。(be different from) 6. 据报道那个疾病已经在全市扩散开来。(spread)7. 众所周知，污染的空气和水对我们的身体是有害的。(harmful)8. 金星 (the Venus) 表面是否有水还不得而知。(surface)9. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙著呢。(whoever)10. 我们正在寻找防止有害气体扩散的方法。(prevent)D. 高考连线1. Papermaking began in China and from here it _ to Nort
27、h Africa and Europe. A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed 2. Im planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no guarantees because it _ the weather. A. links with B. depends on C. connects to D. decides on 3. _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B
28、. After C. Although D. As soon as4. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 5. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 6. The Foreign Minister said, “_ o
29、ur hope that the two sides will work towards peaceA. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 7. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it _ into parts. A. down B. up C. off D. out8. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what9
30、. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 10. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 11. _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because12. Tom was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited13. It is pretty well understo
