人教版新课标必修 3 Unit 4全单元 精讲讲义附练习答案.docx
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人教版新课标必修 3 Unit 4全单元 精讲讲义附练习答案.docx
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人教版新课标必修3Unit4全单元精讲讲义附练习答案
人教版新课标必修3Unit4全单元精讲讲义
Unit4Astronomy:
thescienceofthestars
Ⅰ.要点导读
重点单词
1.Thisencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.(P26)
developmentn.“发展;发达;出现;显影;开发”;其相应的动词是develop,常用搭配develop…into…,“把……发展成为……”;其形容词形式有developed(发达的;高度发展的)和developing(发展中的)
eg:
ChinaisadevelopingcountrywhileAmericaisadevelopedone.
developedcountries发达国家developingcountries发展中国家
2.Smallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.(P26)
spreadvt&vi.“展开;伸展;传播”,其过去式和过去分词都是spread,可用于表示具体的事物、消息、疾病等的传播;spreadto“蔓延;传开”;spreadover“蔓延;拖延”;spreadout“铺开;展开”。
eg:
In20yearsthecityhasspreadquicklytothenorth.
3.Hewasverydisappointed.(P28)
disappointedadj.“失望的;失意的;受挫的”,可在句中作表语、定语或宾补。
bedisappointedat/about“对……感到失望”;bedisappointedwith“因为……而失望”。
disappointed是由动词disappoint的过去分词形式演变而来,一般有被动意义。
eg:
Hewasdisappointedtoheartheywerenotcoming.
disappointingadj.“令人失望的”,主语常是物或事,有时可用于最高级,如mostdisappointing,是由disappoint的现在分词演变过来的。
可见-ing形容词和-ed形容词都是由其相应的动词转换而来的,这样的动词还有如amaze,bore,excite,exhaust,interest,satisfy,surprise,tire等。
eg:
Thedisappointingnewsmadeusdisappointed.
“Thatwasveryexhaustingbutveryexcitingtoo,”Iexclaimed.(P31)
经典短语
1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.(P25)
intime“及时;来得及;赶得上;最终”,往往是用在刚刚赶上某事情的发生且再晚点就来不及的情况;ontime“准时”,可以暗示做事情游刃有余。
eg:
Willwebeintimefortheeighto’clockclass?
Thetrainarrivedrightontime.
2.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.(P26)
prevent…from“阻止;制止”。
prevent后面跟名词或代词作宾语,在宾语后面可跟fromdoingsth,from可以省略。
eg:
Sheclosedthegatetopreventthedogfromgoingoutofthegarden.
该短语的同义词组有stop…fromdoing和keep…fromdoing,三个短语意思一样,但prevent和stop可以省略from,keep后面不能省略from,如果省略了,意思就发生了变化。
如:
eg:
Thebosskepttheworkersfromhavingarest.老板不让工人们休息。
Thebosskepttheworkersworkingdayandnight.老板让工人们夜以继日地工作。
3.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocinewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(P26)
dependon“依靠;信赖”,on可以换成upon,可构成dependon/uponsbforsth“依靠某人供给某物”,或dependonsbtodosth“依靠某人做某事”。
eg:
Theyshouldn’tdependonforeigncountriesforoil.
同义词组:
relyon/upon;trust;counton等,三个动词(组)皆表“依靠”。
eg:
CanyourelyonTomtobringthefoodhere?
4.…walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.(P31)
nowthat“既然;由于”,属于引导原因状语从句的连词,that可省略。
eg:
Now(that)youmentionit,Idoremembertheincident.
nowandthen有时;不时地fromnowon从现在byno到现在;至今
5.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.(P31)
breakout“发生”,常指战争、火灾、瘟疫、火山等爆发或突然发生;takeplace意为“发生”时,没有偶然的意思,是先行布置而后发生或举行的。
eg:
Afirebrokeoutnearhereyesterday.
ThesportsmeetingwilltakeplacenextSaturday.
Ⅱ.热点语法:
名词性从句—主语从句
主语从句难点易错点小结:
一、主语从句的语序问题
主语从句和宾语从句等其它名词性从句一样要采用陈述语序,而非疑问句语序。
eg:
Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeethasnotbeendecided.(×)
Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeethasnotbeendecided.(√)
二、主句的谓语动词单复数问题
从句作主语时,主句的谓语动词用单数形式。
eg:
ThatBeijingisthecapitalofChinaisknowntoeveryone.
三、连接词的意义及作用
从属连词有that/whether,that无意义,不担任何成分,只起引导作用;whether“是否”,表示一种不确定的因素;
连接代词what“……的东西;……事情”,可在从句中作宾语、定语和表语;who仍有疑问的意思“谁”,在从句中作主语;which“哪个”,在从句中作定语或主语;连接副词where“哪里”;why“为什么”;how“怎样”;when“何时”,在从句中作状语。
四、it作形式主语
主语从句过长时可用it作形式主语,that引导的真正的主语放在后面,且从属连词that可以省略。
eg:
Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
五、whatever/whoever/whichever的功用
whatever/whoever/whichever在主语从句中不含疑问意义,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。
whatever,whoever还可引导让步状语从句,要注意加以区别。
eg:
Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(主语从句)
Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(让步状语从句)
六、if引导主语从句
如果用it作形式主语时,if可以引导主语从句,放在句末;如果主语从句放在句首时,不能用if引导。
eg:
Ifhehasreceivedyourletterisdoubtful.(×)
Itisdoubtfulifhehasreceivedyourletter.(√)
语法专练:
1.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfromtheirparentsspeakathome.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one
2.wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.
A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As
3.wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.
A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who
4.ThelawyerrarelywearsanythingotherthanjeansandaT-shirttheseason.
A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however
5.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.
A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where
6.Youcanonlybesureofyouhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomethingyoumightgetinthefuture.
A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
7.mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.
A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which
8.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmakeitis.
A.whatB.whichC.howD.where
9.parentssayanddohasalifelongeffectontheirchildren.
A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As
10.Thetraditionalviewiswesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.
A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that
Ⅲ.综合训练
一、基础测试
A.单词拼写
请根据汉语提示或首字母写出单词的正确形式
1.Thereisafriendlya________ofhelpingeachotherwithdifficultiesinstudyinourclass.
2.Itispossibleto________(繁殖)thesebacteriainthelaboratory.
3.Bythetimetheyreachedthetopofthemountaintheyweree________.
4.Thereisabigundergroundrailway________(系统)inLondon,whichisgoodfortravellers.
5.Thereisav________windoutsideandthesnowissoheavy.
6.Toworkoutthisproblem,wehavetriedmanym________.
7.Asamiddleschoolstudent,youmayfindyouaregrowingup________(渐渐地).
8.Oceanscovertwothirdsofthes________oftheearthwhilelandcoversonethirdofit.
9.Theearthisoneoftheninep________whichgoaroundthesun.
10.Water________(存在)inthreeforms,whichareliquid,gasandsolid.
11.Withthed________ofeconomy,people’slivingstandardisbetterandbetternow.
12.Knowingthathefailedtopasstheexam,hefeltveryd________andunhappy.
13.Thewastegasfromthefactoryish________toourhealth.
14.LiBaiwasoneofthegreatestpoets,whileZhangHengwasoneofthemostfamousChinesea________intheworld.
15.Itisthethirdtimethathisnovelwasp________inthiscompany.
B.请从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语,并用其正确形式填空
intime,prevent…from,dependon,cheerup,nowthat,breakout
cooldown,getthehangof,spread,presence,explode,exist
1.Thecoffeeis________,soyou’dbetterdrinkitrightnow,oritwillbetoocoldforyou.
2.Beforeorderingroomsforthem,you’dbettermakesurehowmanypeoplewillbe________atthemeeting.
3.Wemusttryto________thenewtelephonesystembeforeweuseitsothatwemayuseitfreely.
4.Hewasunhappyatfirstbutsoon________afterlunch.
5.TheSunisveryimportanttothemankind.Man________itforheatandlight.
6.Youneedn’tworktoday.________youareill,youmayhavearestathome.
7.TheFirstWorldWar________in1914andendedin1918.
8.Ifbirdswanttofly,theyhaveto________theirwingsandwavethemupanddown.
9.ExplorershavebeensenttoMarstomakesurewhetherlife________onit.
10.OnNewYear’sEvewemayhearfireworks________hereandthere.Wedon’tthinkitnoisybutexciting.
11.Imissmyhometownsomuchthatnothingcan________me________goingback.
12.Ifwedon’thurryup,wewon’tbe________tocatchtheairplane.
C.请根据中文意思及提示,翻译下列句子
1.他们是否允许我们离开还没有定下来,所以我们要继续等。
(whether)
2.我们都知道他不诚实而且经常撒谎。
(it’sknowntosb)
3.说实话,他是个靠得住的人。
(dependon)
4.他怎样克服的那个坏习惯,谁也不清楚。
(getridof)
5.他们在月球上的感觉和地球上听说的完全不一样。
(bedifferentfrom)
6.据报道那个疾病已经在全市扩散开来。
(spread)
7.众所周知,污染的空气和水对我们的身体是有害的。
(harmful)
8.金星(theVenus)表面是否有水还不得而知。
(surface)
9.不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙著呢。
(whoever)
10.我们正在寻找防止有害气体扩散的方法。
(prevent)
D.高考连线
1.PapermakingbeganinChinaandfromhereit________toNorthAfricaandEurope.
A.spreadB.grewC.carriedD.developed
2.I’mplanningtoholdapartyintheopenair,butIcanmakenoguaranteesbecauseit________theweather.
A.linkswithB.dependsonC.connectstoD.decideson
3.________you’vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.
A.Nowthat B.After C.Although D.Assoonas
4.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,________ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
5.________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
6.TheForeignMinistersaid,“________ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace
A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis
7.Tounderstandthegrammarofthesentence,youmustbreakit_______intoparts.
A.downB.upC.offD.out
8.________wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan________wehave.
A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what
9.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
10.________fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
11._____madetheschoolproudwas______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because
12.Tomwasveryunhappyfor________totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
13.Itisprettywellundersto
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