高考英语短文改错答题6步法附100道专项练习题+答案1.docx
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高考英语短文改错答题6步法附100道专项练习题+答案1.docx
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高考英语短文改错答题6步法附100道专项练习题+答案1
高考英语专题之改错
教师寄语:
RichinKnowledgeandTenaciousofPurpose;InquiringwithEarnestnessandReflectingwithSelf-practice.---博学而笃志,切问而近思。
一、概述。
对于高考中英语改错题答题应该分为几下几个步骤:
1.通读全文,掌握大意。
快速阅读短文,如抓住中心思想,从整体上对短文有个了解。
不了解全文,很难判断如时态和代词的相关错误。
2.整句分析,逐行推敲。
充分运用语言的基础知识,从句型结构、词的变化、词类选择、词的搭配、习惯用法出发,进行分析判断,尽快找出错误在何处。
3.反复通读,复查验证。
重视整体和语境,从上下文关系中找出表达连接关系或逻辑关系的词或词组,判断是递进关系还是转折关系,是因果关系还是让步关系。
二、必须熟悉设错方式。
1.必须熟悉设错方式:
多词、少词、错词。
⑴多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
⑵少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
⑶错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
2.平时应加强基本功训练,用一个“错题集”本把自己或同学在书面表达中出现的错误归纳一下,以便考前复习。
短文改错与书面表达一样,最能反映一个人的语言功底。
大家在该题上失分最厉害,因为此题而影响英语总成绩的占大多数。
三、对全文宏观把握。
大家应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解,这样能对短文有个宏观把握,对上下文有全面的了解。
在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读,分析判断,上下兼顾,把明显的、拿的准的题先做完,这样可以缩小包围圈,也有助于对全文的进一步理解。
四、从语法角度审查。
1.查看时态是否一致。
Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourfootballteam.全文都是用的一般现在时,此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符,应改为am。
2.查看主谓是否一致。
Anyonemayborrowbooks,anditcostnothingtoborrowthem.cost应改为costs,因其主语是it(为形式主语),且上下文均为一般现在时。
3.查指代是否一致。
TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.句中的主语theSmiths表的是Smith一家人,因此指示代词his应改为their。
4.查平行结构是否平行一致。
由and,or,but,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,aswellas等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.句中的drove显然与and前面的tomeet不平行,应改为drive。
5.查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。
Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasMaths,Chinese...quiteafew只能修饰复数名词,故subject应改为subjects。
6.查行文逻辑是否一致。
Mostpeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.根据行文逻辑,这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句,而应该是when/whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。
五、十大常见错误。
短文改错是有一定的规律可循的,纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试,可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误:
1.形容词与副词的误用。
如exciting与excited,hard与hardly,possible与possibly,here与there等,以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。
2.名词的单复数误用。
如在several,many,various,different,afew,oneof等之后,常用名词的复数,在every与each之后常用单数。
3.代词的误用。
如you与your,it’s与its,it与they或them,one与ones,宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。
4.介词的误用、缺少或多余。
常见的如in与on,to与for,instead与insteadof,because与becauseof等的误用。
5.时态的错误。
看一篇文章,要有一种大局观,要上前下挂,看看上下文的时态是否一致。
6.连词的误用。
如or与and的误用,and与but的误用,so与but的误用,because或since与so连用,though与but连用等。
7.第三人称单数后的动词形式。
8.一些固定结构的误用。
如so...that被误用作very...that,too...to被误用very...to,as...as被误作so...as等。
9.定语从句中关系词的误用。
10.一些常用词的误用。
如what与how,except与besides,any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something,anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。
六、验证答案。
改完后,要回过头来重读一遍全文,查看改过后是否能使语气通顺,时态一致,合乎逻辑。
再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力,仔细推敲,使答案更加准确。
七、多读多背增强语感。
在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养,英语学习的根本任务是学习语言,而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。
语感一旦形成,就为英语学习打下了良好的基础。
语言是学出来的,所以要学好语言,一定要多读多背,尤其是背,它是语言习得最重要的途径之一。
2013-2019全国卷英语真题改错与答案
(2019全国I)
Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.Suddenlyfootballfeeljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.Toeveryone`ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.Fromnowon,Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.
(2019全国II)
SinceIwasakid,I`veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool,Ireconsideredmggoalordecidedtobeadoctor.Theyweretworeasonsforthedecision.OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.
(2019全国III)
I'vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchaslike"TangDynasty".Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.
(2018全国Ⅰ卷)
Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andanotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatedhousetoraisedozensofchicken.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,butheagreed.
(2018全国Ⅱ卷)
WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.Ididn'trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.
(2018全国III)
ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity,otherswerenervousandanxious.IhaddonemyselfhomeworkbutIwasshy.Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,"Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeleaningfromtextbooks,andmistakeaswell."Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.
(2017新课标I)
Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup!
”“Slowdown!
”“Turningleft!
”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.
(2017新课标II)
Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheinternet.Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthevegetables!
(2017新课标III)
WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysicallyandalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.Aroundmeinpicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:
carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatemusicalbums.Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.
(2016新课标I)
MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.
(2016新课标II)
Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.
(2016新课标III)
Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinksuch.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.NowIamleavinghometocollege.Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp.
(2015全国I卷)
WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout
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