山东省济南市高三二模考试针对性训练英语精校Word版含答案doc.docx
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山东省济南市高三二模考试针对性训练英语精校Word版含答案doc.docx
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山东省济南市高三二模考试针对性训练英语精校Word版含答案doc
高三年级英语济南二模针对性训练
英语
本试卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
考试结束,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:
l.答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
3.非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置,不能写在试卷上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第一部分听力(30分)
做题时,可先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,合计7.5分)
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Nathan,afreshmanstudentatSanMarinoHighSchoolinCalifornia,US,doesn’tlikedoinghouseworkanymorethananybodyelse.Buthesaiddoingitmadehimwonderwhyhotwaterworkedbetterthancoldwaterwhenwashingupafterdinner,andwhatmadesoapagoodcleaner.Theexperimentshedesignedtofigureoutthesethingsearnedhimthetopprizeatthe2016BroadcomMASTERS.
MASTERSstandsforMath,AppliedScience,TechnologyandEngineeringforRisingStars.Everyyear,theeventbringstogether30middleschoolstudentsfromaroundthecountrytosharetheirscienceprojects.
“Atfirst,Ithoughtthatmyideaswerenaive,”theteenagertoldStudentScience.“ButwhenIwaspresentedwiththisspecialaward,itprovedthatyounginventorscanactuallydealwithreal-worldproblems.”
InspiredbyreportsoftheDeepwaterHorizonoilspillintheGulfofMexico,heconnectedwashingdishestocleaningoilspills.“IdecidedthatIwantedtofindamethodforcleaningthat’sbothefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly,”NathantoldStudentScience.Sohecreatedhisownsetupformeasuringsurfacetension—ascientifictermthatreferstothetensionofalayerofliquid.Heendeduplearningwhysoapandhotwaterarebetterforcleaning,andawaytoremoveoilfromwater.
“Scienceandmathhelpyouunderstandtheworldaroundyou.Youcanlearnitfrombooksandteachers,butyoucanalsodiscoverityourselfbydoingscienceprojects.”Heevenplanstosellhissetuptoschools,sootherteenscandohisexperimentandlearnhistheory.
Whenaskedhissecrettosuccess,hesaidtokeepasciencefairprojectsimpleatfirst.“Breakdowntheproblemintosmaller,manageablesteps,sointhatway,youwillbeabletoknowwhatyoudoingandbuildonyourknowledgegradually.”
21.WhatdoweknowaboutNathan?
A.Heenjoysdoinghousework.
B.Hewantstocleanupoilspills.
C.Hefiguredouthowcleaningworked.
D.Hewonmanyprizesforhisfancyideas.
22.WhatcanbestdescribeNathan?
A.Generousandwealthy.
B.Curiousandcreative.
C.Lazybuttalented.
D.Politebutshy.
23.WhatisNathan’ssecrettosuccess?
A.Doingthingsstepbystep.
B.Doingscienceprojectsalone.
C.Workinghardatmathproblems.
D.Learningabouttheworldfrombooks.
B
ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples,Italy,butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin,derivedfromtheGreekwordpēktosmeaningsolidorclotted.TheancientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils,herbsandcheese.Thefirstmajorinnovationthatledtoflatbreadpizzawastheuseoftomatoasatopping.ItwascommonforthepooroftheareaaroundNaplestoaddtomatoestotheiryeast-basedflatbread,andsothepizzabegan.
Whileitisdifficulttosayforsurewhoinventedthepizza,itishoweverbelievedthatmodernpizzawasfirstmadebybakerRaffaeleEspositoofNaples.Infact,apopularurbanlegendholdsthatthearchetypal(原型的)pizza,PizzaMargherita,wasinventedin1889,whentheRoyalPalaceofCapodimonteaskedtheNeapolitanpizzaioloRaffaeleEspositotocreateapizzainhonorofthevisitingQueenMargherita.Ofthethreedifferentpizzashecreated,theQueenstronglypreferredapiewrappedinthecolorsoftheItalianflag:
red(tomato),green(basil),andwhite(mozzarella).Supposedly,thiskindofpizzawasthennamedaftertheQueenasPizzaMargherita.
Later,thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypartsoftheworld:
■Thefirstpizzeria,AnticaPizzeriaPort'Alba,wasopenedin1830inNaples.
■InNorthAmerica,thefirstpizzeriawasopenedin1905byGennaroLombardiat53SpringStreetinNewYorkCity.
■ThefirstPizzaHut,thechainofpizzarestaurantsappearedintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930s.
■Nowadays,manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide,alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizza.
24.What’smainlytalkedaboutinthetext?
A.WaysofmakingPizza.
B.ThehistoryofPizza.
C.VarietiesofPizza.
D.StoriesaboutPizza.
25.Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“derived”inParagraph1?
A.Separated.
B.Adapted.
C.Originated.
D.Transformed.
26.Howwaspizzafirststarted?
A.AncientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils,herbsandcheese.
B.PeopleinNaplesaddedtomatoestotheirbreadasatopping.
C.RaffaeleEspositowrappedapieinthecolorsoftheIndianflag.
D.QueenMargheritaawardedhernametopizzaintheRoyalPalace.
27.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?
A.Pizzaremainspopulararoundtheworld.
B.ThefirstPizzaHutwasopenedinNaples.
C.Thetasteofpizzastaysthesameovertime.
D.GennaroLombardiwasthefirsttomakepizza.
C
TheAmazonbasinregionishometoabout2.5millioninsectspecies,tensofthousandsofplants,andsome2,000birdsandmammals.Todate,atleast40,000plantspecies,3,000fish,1,294birds,427mammals,428amphibians,and378reptileshavebeenscientificallyclassifiedintheregion.OneinfiveofallthebirdsintheworldliveintherainforestsoftheAmazon.
Thewarmwetforestshavebeeninexistencefor55millionyears,andthrivedevenduringglacialperiods,allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies,Radiocarbondating(放射性碳年代测定)hasrevealedtreesof10centimeterdiametertobemorethan300yearsold,andsometreesover1,000yearsold,indicatingthatuntouchedforestscanexperienceunbelievablelongevity.
ThefirsthumaninhabitantsarethoughttohavesettledintheAmazonregionabout11,200yearsago.Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury,bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves,killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民).Bythelate17thcenturytheAmazonbasinwascontrolledbyPortugueseandSpanishexplorers.
TheAmazonrainforesthasbeendescribedasthelungsofourplanetbecauseofitsimportantroleinrecyclingcarbondioxideintooxygen.Butduetodeforestation(采伐森林),coverthan5%oftheEarthlandsurface,andexpertsbelievethatthisraintorestsnowcoverlessthantheEarth’slandsurface,andexpertsbelievethatthisisabigcontributortoglobalclimatechange.Severedeforestationbeganinthe20thcentury,with587,000squarekilometerslostuptotheyear2000.Mostdeforestedlandisusedforgrasslandtoraisefarmanimalsandagriculture.Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation,andatthepresentrate,scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.
28.WhyarethefiguresmentionedinParagraph1?
A.Toprovetheforestuntouched.
B.Toclassifyspeciesscientifically.
C.Toshowthediversityofspecies.
D.ToattractmoreattentiontoAmazon.
29.WhydidmostindigenousinhabitantsintheAmazonregiondie?
A.Europeanexplorersbroughtdiseasesthere.
B.Portugueseexplorerstreatedthembadly.
C.Alotoftreeswerecutdownandburned.
D.TheygotkilledbySpanishexplorers.
30.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAmazonrainforest?
A.Ithasthelargestnumberofspecies.
B.Itcoversover5%ofSouthAmerica.
C.Itisbecominglargerinarea.
D.Itisbeingendangerednow.
31.Whatmaybeincludedinthefollowingparagraph?
A.Examplesofdestroyingforests.
B.Measurestoprotectrainforests.
C.NewsettlementsinAmazon.
D.Waystostopglobalwarming.
D
Passwordfatigue(疲劳)isthefeelingexperiencedbymanypeoplewhoarerequiredtorememberanincreasingnumberofpasswordsaspartoftheirdailyroutine,suchastologontoacomputeratwork,undoabicyclelockorconductbankingfromanATM.
TheincreasingimportanceofinformationtechnologyandtheInternetinemployment,finance,recreationandotheraspectsofpeople’slives,andthefollowingintroductionofsecuredealtechnology,hasledtopeopleaccumulatingasuddenincreaseinaccountsandpasswords.AccordingtoasurveyofBritishonline-securityconsultantNTAMonitor,thetypicalregularcomputeruserhas21accountsthatrequireapassword.
Otherthingscausingpasswordfatigueare:
demandsthatausercreateanewpasswordthatusesparticularpatternofletters,numbersandspecialcharacters;demandsthattheusertypethenewpasswordtwice;blindtyping,bothwhenrespondingtoapasswordimmediatelyandwhensettinganewpassword.
Asidefromcontributingtostress,passwordfatiguemayencouragepeopletoadopthabitsthatreducethesecurityoftheirprotectedinformation.Forexample,anaccountholdermightusethesamepasswordforseveraldifferentaccounts,deliberatelychooseeasy-to-rememberpasswordsthataremorelikelytobesolved,orrelyonwrittenrecordsoftheirpasswords.
Passwordfatiguewilltypicallyaffectusers,butcanalsoaffecttechnicaldepartmentswhomanageuseraccountsastheyareconstantlyresettingpasswords.Thissituationendsuploweringconfidenceandenthusiasminbothcases.
Somecompaniesarewellorganizedinthisrespect,andhaveemployedalternativemethodsoradoptedtechnologiessothatauser’scertificatesareenteredautomatically,butothersmaynotfocusoneaseofuseorevenworsenthesituationbyconstantlycarryingoutnewapplicationswiththeirowncertificationsystem.
32.WhatisthemainideaofParagraphs2?
A.Reasonsforpasswordfatigue.
B.Definitionofpasswordfatigue.
C.RolesoftheInternetindailylife.
D.Asurveyo
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