口腔颌面外科学Oral and maxillofacial surgery.docx
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口腔颌面外科学Oral and maxillofacial surgery.docx
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口腔颌面外科学Oralandmaxillofacialsurgery
口腔颌面外科学0102(Oralandmaxillofacialsurgery0102)
Secondsectiondisinfectionandsterilization
Oralandmaxillofacialsurgeryandotherclinicalgeneralsurgery,muststrictlyfollowtheprincipleofcommonbacteriaandsterile,whichexistsinthehumanbodyandthesurroundingenvironment,thereareoralandmaxillofacialsinuscavityisahotbedofparasitismandreproductionofbacteria,afterthesurgery,theinfectionismoreopportunity.Thoroughdisinfectionandsterilizationisanimportantmeasuretopreventpostoperativeinfectionandcrossinfectionsoastoensuretheoperationeffectandreduceoperativecomplications.
Disinfectionandsterilizationofoperationroomandsurgicalequipment
(1)disinfectionofsurgicalinstrumentsanddressings
1.highpressuresteamsterilizerpressuresterilizerhaslowerexhausttypeandprevacuumpressuresterilizertwokinds.Generalequipment,cloth,gauze,cottonandrubbercanbeused.Thesterilizationeffectisreliable,butthepressureandsterilizationtimeofdifferentsubstancesrequiredifferent.
2.boilingdisinfectionmethod,thismethodissimple,easytouse,suitableforheat-resistant,temperatureresistantgoods,butcanmakethesharpnessofthebladedamage.Disinfectiontimestartsfromboilingwater.GenerallyneedL5~20minutes.Forpatientswithhepatitiscontaminatedinstrumentsandarticles,shouldboil30minutes.Whenadding2%sodiumbicarbonate,theboilingpointis105degrees,whichcanshortenthedisinfectiontime,andtheeffectisbetter(metalinstrumentscanbeboiledfor5minutestomeetthesterilizationrequirements),andcanbeantirust.3.dryheatsterilizationusingelectricorinfraredovenbakingheatsterilization.Itissuitableforglass,ceramicandotherinstruments,andshouldnotbesterilizedbyhigh-pressuresteamgelatinsponge,Vaseline,grease,liquidparaffinandavarietyofpowderandotheritems.Articlesthatarenotresistanttohightemperature,suchascottonfabrics,syntheticfibers,plasticsandrubberproducts,cannotbesterilizedbythismethod.Thetemperatureandmaintenancetimeofdryheatsterilizationshouldbedeterminedaccordingtotheheatconductionspeed,packingsizeandplacingconditionofsterilizedarticles.Generally160degreesshouldlast120minutes,170minutesshouldlastfor90minutes,180minutesshouldlastfor60minutes.
4.chemicaldisinfectionmethodshouldbeselectedwithawidespectrumofsterilization,lowtoxicity,noirritation,stableperformance,nocorrosion,fastspeedandotheradvantagesofchemicaldisinfectants.
(two)disinfectionofspecialinstruments
Electricdrillstraightheadandelectricorpneumaticdrillheadcanbesterilizedbyhighpressuresteamorformaldehydesteam(40%formaldehydelasts40minutes).Drillingneedlewithformaldehydevapororimmersiondisinfectionmethod,itisnotsuitablefordisinfectionparts,suchasmotorthreearm,powerlinecanbesettodisinfectionclothsleeveisolation.
Two.Disinfectionofoperators
Theoperationoftheoperationroomdisinfectionincludingthereplacementofclothing,pants,shoes,hatsandmaskstocleansurgery,washsoak,weargownsandwearrubberglovesandothersteps,theprinciples,methodsandrequirementsofthedisinfectantandsurgeryinexactlythesame.
Three.Disinfectionandsterilizationinoperationarea
(1)preoperativepreparation
Patientsforhairdressing,bathingandskinpreparationbeforesurgery(witheffectivedisinfectionconditionsorcosmeticsurgerytobeshaved).Withoralinterlinkedmajorsurgery,especiallyforbonegrafting,grafting,firstoralscaling,fillingandremovingresidualroots,andwithPotassiumPermanganate1:
5000or1:
1000solutionchlorhexidinegargle;taketheskinandboneareashouldbe1daysbeforeoperation,tothoroughlycleantheskin,alcoholafterdisinfectionwithsteriledressing.
(two)commonlyuseddisinfectiondrugsinsurgicalarea
1.iodinestrongbactericidal,butirritation,soindifferentpartsofdifferentconcentration:
disinfectionoforalmaxillofacialandneckwere2%,1%,3%ofthescalp.Afteruse,iodineshouldberemoved,andiodineallergyshouldbeprohibited.
2.chlorhexidineforbroad-spectrumdisinfectant,littlestimulation,itiswidelyused.Skindisinfectionconcentrationwas0.5%,with0.5%chlorhexidinealcohol(70%alcohol)disinfectioneffectisbetter.Theconcentrationofdisinfectantinoralcavityandwoundwas0.1%.
Iodine3.aqueoussolutioncontainingavailableiodine0.5%Iodophorforskindisinfectionandhanddisinfection,alsocanleadtheoralmucosabeforeoperation,theeffectisbetterthaniodine.Ithastheadvantagesofcompletedisinfection,smallirritationandshallowcoloration.
4.75%alcoholisusedmostfrequently,thedisinfectionisweak,sooftenhavetouseupwiththeiodineiodineremovalef
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- 口腔颌面外科学Oral and maxillofacial surgery 口腔 外科学 Oral