最新中考英语定语从句专题复习精讲10.docx
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最新中考英语定语从句专题复习精讲10.docx
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最新中考英语定语从句专题复习精讲10
定语从句
一、考点聚焦
1、功能:
相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置:
定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.
3、先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:
some-,any-,every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.
4、关系词:
引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词:
who,whom,which,that,whose,as。
关系副词:
when,where,why。
that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
(1)当主句是therebe句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。
如:
DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?
Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.
Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰,或句型asmany(much)中,从句都用as引导。
Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.
Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.
注意:
区别①such…that…引导的结果状语从句。
Theyaresuch
lovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame…that…引导定语从句。
Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.
(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别:
①意义上:
as含有“这点正如……一样”。
②位置上:
as从句可置句首,也可在另处。
Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.
Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.
Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、that
when指时间=in/at/on/duringwhich
where指地点=in/at/from/which
why指原因=forwhich
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。
(非正式场合)
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.
12、必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
②强调it无意义,that/who不是引导词。
③强调itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)
Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语。
有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语)
Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定语)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom。
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型:
①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks
inthematch.(句中one为先行词)
Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)
②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?
Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?
③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.(NMET2001)
A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
解析:
答案为C。
本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。
作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词thehours和关系词被介词短语tome所分隔。
定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours,并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。
2.___________isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
解析:
答案为B。
本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。
as作“正如……”解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。
当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语:
asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等。
要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。
3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___________hegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
解析:
答案为B。
本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。
定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语thesmalltown,且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。
要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词。
初三英语中考模拟试卷含答案(无听力)(无听力)
二、完形填空(本题有15小题,每小题1分;共计15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
WhenIwas19yearsold,Iworkedinadoctor’sofficeasamedicalassistant.Iwasshyanddidn’t16myself,soI17talkedwithothers.Iwasuncertainaboutmyfuture.
Imetadoctorthereandbecamegoodfriendswithhim.He18metobelieveinmyselfandaskedmetolearntocommunicatewithothers.Hehelpedmeaccept19,andthenheencouragedmeto20oneortwocollegeclasses.Ididaswhathetoldmeanddidverywell.
Oneday,heaskedmewhereIwantedtogotenyearslaterand21Iwantedmylifetobelike.Ihadn’tthoughtaboutthisbeforethatday.Thatnight,I22thoughtaboutthetwoquestions.Itwashethatmademe23adifferentworld.
Later,Iwenttocollegeandrealizedmy24wastobeacceptedintoaphysicianassistanttrainingprogram.Unluckily,itwasvery25andIcouldn’taffordit.Iwantedto26.Whenmydreamwasabouttoslipaway,thiswonderfulmantookmeoutoneeveningintoabar,boughtmeabottleofbeer,andofferedtohelpmepayformycollegeeducation.Hedidit27askingforanythinginreturn.
Afewyearslater,Iaskedhimwhyhehelpedme.
Hesaid,“28Iknewyoucouldbemorethanwhatyouwere,andbecauseonce,whenIwasn’tsurewhetherIcouldsucceedanddidn’thavethemoneyforschool,29helpedme.”
After30hiswords,Iwasshocked.Isaid,“Thankyou,Joe!
Iwillspreadthelovetoothers!
”
16.
A
learnby
B.
speakto
C.
believein
D.
enjoy
17.
A
usually
B.
often
C.
seldom
D.
always
18.
A
encouraged
B.
allowed
C.
showed
D.
reminded
19.
A
himself
B.
herself
C.
myself
D.
itself
20.
A
pass
B.
take
C.
make
D.
lose
21.
A
which
B.
who
C.
what
D.
how
22.
A
carefully
B.
secretly
C.
difficultly
D.
gently
23.
A
destroy
B.
paint
C.
design
D.
enter
24.
A
idea
B.
message
C.
dream
D.
hobby
25.
A
low
B.
high
C.
expensive
D.
dark
26.
A
cheerup
B.
giveup
C.
calmdown
D.
lookdown
27.
A
with
B.
without
C.
for
D.
to
28.
A
Because
B.
So
C.
Though
D.
As
29.
A
everyone
B.
nobody
C.
anyone
D.
someone
30.
A
thinking
B.
talking
C.
listening
D.
hearing
三、阅读理解(本题有15小题,每小题2分;共计30分)
阅读下面材料,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Therearemanydifferentkindsofhousesintheworld,herearesomeofthem.
ComplexHouse(China)
IndryFujian,thehousesarebuiltwiththehardsoilwalls.Hakkafamiliesbuiltmanytownhousestoprotectthemselves.
TreeHouses(Philippines)
ThepeopleinPhilippineslivedinthetreehousesinthepast.Fromthetreehouses,theycouldfindthesnakesandwildanimals.Theycouldalsogetthecooleranddrierair.Thetreehousesarenowusedformeetingandresting.
HousesontheWater(Malaysia)
ThefishermeninSabaofBorneoIslandliveonthewater.Inthewatervillage,therearesomanyhousesnow.
WoodenHouses(Germany)
ThewoodenhousesareverypopularinGermany.Theyusethebricksforwallandpaintoverthebricks.Theybecomestrongandlastforhundredsofyears.
SamiHouses(Finland)
Samipeoplemovetheirhousesinsummerandinwinter.Inwinter,theirhousesaremadeofwoodandclay.Insummer,theyliveintransferable(可转移的)houses.
31.Thecomplexhouseismadeof____.
A.treeB.soilC.brickD.wood
32.Somepeoplein____liveonthewater.
A.FinlandB.PhilippinesC.GermanyD.Malaysia
33.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?
A.InPhilippines,peoplelivedinthetreehousesbuttheycouldn’tgetthecooleranddrierair.
B.InGermany,peopleusethebricksforwallandpaintoverthebricks.
C.Samipeopleliveintransferablehouses,theycanmove.
D.InPhilippines,peopleliveinthetreehousescouldfindthesnakesandwildanimalseasily.
34.Wecanreadthispassagein____.
A.WorldGeographyB.LifeandHealthC.FashionTimesD.ChineseCulture
B
Tombroughtaboxofbiscuitstoasummercamp.Heateafewandplacedtherestunderhisbed.Afterlunch,hefoundtheboxwasgone.Hewenttotellhiscampcoachaboutit.
Thenextday,thecoachsawaboyeatingTom’sbiscuitsbehindatree.Hecameupwithanideatosolvetheproblem.HefoundTomandsaidtohim,“Iknowwhotookawayyourbiscuits.Willyouhelpmetoteachhimalesson?
”
“Well,yes…areyougoingtopunishhim,sir?
”Tomasked.“No,Iamnot,”thecoachexplainedpatiently.“Thatwouldonlymakehimhateyou.Iwantyoutowritetoyourmotherandaskformoregifts.”
Tomreceivedanotherboxofbiscuitsbymailingfromhismotherafewdayslater.“Now,”saidthecoach,“goandsharethemwiththeboywhostoleyourbiscuits.”Tomdidn’tunderstandthecoach’sintention(意图),buthestillfollowedhissuggestion.
Halfanhourlaterthecoachsawthetwoboyscomeupthehill,arminarm.TheboywastryingtoaskTomtoaccepthistoyrobotinpaymentfor(赔偿)thestolenbiscuits.AndTomwasrefusingthegiftfromhisnewfriend.Hesaidthatafewbiscuitswerenotsoimportant.
Insomesituations,forgiveness(原谅)isbetterthanpunishment.
35.WhydidthecoachaskTomtoaskformoregifts?
A.Thecoachwantedtoteachtheboyalesson.
B.ThecoachwantedtogetmorebiscuitsfromTom.
C.ThecoachwantedtomakefriendswithTom.
D.ThecoachwantedtomakeTomhatetheboy.
36.In which order did thesethingshappen?
Tombroughtaboxofbiscuitstoasummercamp,butsoonitwasstolen.
Tomrefusedthegiftfromhisnewfriend.
Tomreceivedanotherboxofbiscuitsandsharedthemwithhispartner.
Tomforgavethe
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