ubuntu配置磁盘阵列.docx
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ubuntu配置磁盘阵列.docx
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ubuntu配置磁盘阵列
ubuntu8.04server做软磁盘陈列RAID1
本指南介绍了如何在一个已经运行的系统上(ubuntu8.04server)建立RAID1。
并在GRUB引导程序将配置启动的方式,
无论那一块磁盘出现故障,都能保证系统正常运行。
注:
关于RAID的介绍,大家可以去XX搜索,百科里讲的很详细。
在本教程中我们需要使用两块磁盘,并且两块磁盘的大小一样,现在它们两的分区情况。
磁盘A:
/dev/sda1为/boot分区ext3
/dev/sda2为系统的swap交换分区
/dev/sda3为/系统文件分区ext3
磁盘B还没有分区,我是先再磁盘A上装好系统后,再做RAID的
陈列磁盘的分区情况:
/dev/md0为/dev/sda1与/dev/sdb1组成,/boot分区ext3
/dev/md1为/dev/sda2与/dev/sdb2组成,swap交换分区
/dev/md2为/dev/sda3与/dev/sdb3组成,/系统分区ext3
请先在磁盘A上安装好系统,系统的安装这里不再强调。
系统装好后,请大家以root权限登录。
请执行:
sudodf-h
root@epfhk:
~#sudodf-h
FilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon
/dev/sda34.8G521M4.1G12%/
varrun125M44K125M1%/var/run
varlock125M0125M0%/var/lock
udev125M48K125M1%/dev
devshm125M0125M0%/dev/shm
/dev/sda1236M24M200M11%/boot
sudofdisk-l
root@epfhk:
~#sudofdisk-l
Disk/dev/sda:
6442MB,6442450944bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,783cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x0008f480
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sda1*13124897683Linux
/dev/sda23215397996582Linuxswap/Solaris
/dev/sda3154783506047583Linux
Disk/dev/sdb:
6442MB,6442450944bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,783cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x00000000
Disk/dev/sdbdoesn'tcontainavalidpartitiontable
上面显示了磁盘分区的信息,你会看到磁盘B还是在初始状态下
接下来我们安装mdadm软件,用于做RAID
apt-getinstallinitramfs-toolsmdadm
为了避免重启电脑,我们开启下列模块
modprobemd
modprobelinear
modprobemultipath
modproberaid0
modproberaid1
modproberaid5
modproberaid6
modproberaid10
接下来运行:
cat/proc/mdstat
root@epfhk:
~#cat/proc/mdstat
Personalities:
[linear][multipath][raid0][raid1][raid6][raid5][raid4][raid10]
unuseddevices:
因为我们还没有做RAID,所以没有陈列磁盘的信息。
现在我们来格式B磁盘,我们要交B磁盘下的分区和A上的一致,我们可以使用磁盘复制分区的方法。
sfdisk-d/dev/sda|sfdisk/dev/sdb
root@epfhk:
~#sfdisk-d/dev/sda|sfdisk/dev/sdb
Checkingthatno-oneisusingthisdiskrightnow...
OK
Disk/dev/sdb:
783cylinders,255heads,63sectors/track
sfdisk:
ERROR:
sector0doesnothaveanmsdossignature
/dev/sdb:
unrecognizedpartitiontabletype
Oldsituation:
Nopartitionsfound
Newsituation:
Units=sectorsof512bytes,countingfrom0
DeviceBootStartEnd#sectorsIdSystem
/dev/sdb1*6349801449795283Linux
/dev/sdb24980152457944195993082Linuxswap/Solaris
/dev/sdb32457945125788941012095083Linux
/dev/sdb40-00Empty
Successfullywrotethenewpartitiontable
Re-readingthepartitiontable...
IfyoucreatedorchangedaDOSpartition,/dev/foo7,say,thenusedd
(1)
tozerothefirst512bytes:
ddif=/dev/zeroof=/dev/foo7bs=512count=1
(Seefdisk(8).)
我们再使用命令查看两个磁盘的分区:
sudofdisk-l
root@epfhk:
~#fdisk-l
Disk/dev/sda:
6442MB,6442450944bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,783cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x0008f480
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sda1*13124897683Linux
/dev/sda23215397996582Linuxswap/Solaris
/dev/sda3154783506047583Linux
Disk/dev/sdb:
6442MB,6442450944bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,783cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x00000000
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb1*13124897683Linux
/dev/sdb23215397996582Linuxswap/Solaris
/dev/sdb3154783506047583Linux
两个磁盘的分区一模一样,这是我们想要的结果。
接下来我们还要修改磁盘B上的分区类型,使其成为Linuxraidautodetect分区类型
fdisk/dev/sdb
root@epfhk:
~#fdisk/dev/sdb
Command(mforhelp):
m这里输入“M”为显示帮助
Commandaction
atoggleabootableflag
beditbsddisklabel
ctogglethedoscompatibilityflag
ddeleteapartition
llistknownpartitiontypes
mprintthismenu
naddanewpartition
ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontable
pprintthepartitiontable
qquitwithoutsavingchanges
screateanewemptySundisklabel
tchangeapartition'ssystemid
uchangedisplay/entryunits
vverifythepartitiontable
wwritetabletodiskandexit
xextrafunctionality(expertsonly)
Command(mforhelp):
t这里办入“T”为修改系统分区类型
Partitionnumber(1-4):
1这里指定你的分区号
Hexcode(typeLtolistcodes):
l显示关于分区类型的代码
0Empty1eHiddenW95FAT180OldMinixbeSolarisboot
1FAT1224NECDOS81Minix/oldLinbfSolaris
2XENIXroot39Plan982Linuxswap/Soc1DRDOS/sec(FAT-
3XENIXusr3cPartitionMagic83Linuxc4DRDOS/sec(FAT-
4FAT16<32M40Venix8028684OS/2hiddenC:
c6DRDOS/sec(FAT-
5Extended41PPCPRePBoot85Linuxextendedc7Syrinx
6FAT1642SFS86NTFSvolumesetdaNon-FSdata
7HPFS/NTFS4dQNX4.x87NTFSvolumesetdbCP/M/CTOS/.
8AIX4eQNX4.x2ndpart88LinuxplaintextdeDellUtility
9AIXbootable4fQNX4.x3rdpart8eLinuxLVMdfBootIt
aOS/2BootManag50OnTrackDM93Amoebae1DOSaccess
bW95FAT3251OnTrackDM6Aux94AmoebaBBTe3DOSR/O
cW95FAT32(LBA)52CP/M9fBSD/OSe4SpeedStor
eW95FAT16(LBA)53OnTrackDM6Auxa0IBMThinkpadhiebBeOSfs
fW95Ext'd(LBA)54OnTrackDM6a5FreeBSDeeEFIGPT
10OPUS55EZ-Drivea6OpenBSDefEFI(FAT-12/16/
11HiddenFAT1256GoldenBowa7NeXTSTEPf0Linux/PA-RISCb
12Compaqdiagnost5cPriamEdiska8DarwinUFSf1SpeedStor
14HiddenFAT16<361SpeedStora9NetBSDf4SpeedStor
16HiddenFAT1663GNUHURDorSysabDarwinbootf2DOSsecondary
17HiddenHPFS/NTF64NovellNetwareb7BSDIfsfdLinuxraidauto
18ASTSmartSleep65NovellNetwareb8BSDIswapfeLANstep
1bHiddenW95FAT370DiskSecureMultbbBootWizardhidffBBT
1cHiddenW95FAT375PC/IX
Hexcode(typeLtolistcodes):
fd
Changedsystemtypeofpartition1tofd(Linuxraidautodetect)
Command(mforhelp):
t
Partitionnumber(1-4):
2
Hexcode(typeLtolistcodes):
fd
Changedsystemtypeofpartition2tofd(Linuxraidautodetect)
Command(mforhelp):
t
Partitionnumber(1-4):
3
Hexcode(typeLtolistcodes):
fd
Changedsystemtypeofpartition3tofd(Linuxraidautodetect)
Command(mforhelp):
w这里有保存并写入磁盘
Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!
Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.
sudofdisk-l/dev/sdb
root@epfhk:
~#fdisk-l/dev/sdb
Disk/dev/sdb:
6442MB,6442450944bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,783cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x00000000
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb1*131248976fdLinuxraidautodetect
/dev/sdb232153979965fdLinuxraidautodetect
/dev/sdb31547835060475fdLinuxraidautodetect
如上显示则为下确。
为了确保没有以前的RAID设备仍然在/dev/sdb,我们执行以下命令
mdadm--zero-superblock/dev/sdb1
mdadm--zero-superblock/dev/sdb2
mdadm--zero-superblock/dev/sdb3
注:
执行以上命令,它会出错,这个无须管它
好了,现在我们来创建RAID的/dev/md0,/dev/md1,/dev/md2.
它们的对应关系统为/dev/md0=/dev/sdb1,/dev/md1=/dev/sdb2,/dev/md2=/dev/sdb3RAID类开为1,磁盘个数为2.
mdadm--create/dev/md0--level=1--raid-disks=2missing/dev/sdb1
mdadm--create/dev/md1--level=1--raid-disks=2missing/dev/sdb2
mdadm--create/dev/md2--level=1--raid-disks=2missing/dev/sdb3
接着我们在执行
cat/proc/mdstat
就会显示下面RAID信息
root@epfhk:
~#cat/proc/mdstat
Personalities:
[linear][multipath][raid0][raid1][raid6][raid5][raid4][raid10]
md2:
activeraid1sdb3[1]
5060352blocks[2/1][_U]
md1:
activeraid1sdb2[1]
979840blocks[2/1][_U]
md0:
activeraid1sdb1[1]
248896blocks[2/1][_U]
unuseddevices:
接下来,我们创建的文件系统的磁盘阵列
mkfs.ext3/dev/md0
mkswap/dev/md1
mkfs.ext3/dev/md2
我们不需要修改/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf,请再修改之前做好备份
cp/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf_orig
mdadm--examine--scan>>/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
然后执行
cat/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
内容
root@epfhk:
~#cat/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
#mdadm.conf
#
#Pleaserefertomdadm.conf(5)forinformationaboutthisfile.
#
#bydefault,scanallpartitions(/proc/partitions)forMDsuperblocks.
#alternatively,specifydevicestoscan,usingwildcardsifdesired.
DEVICEpartitions
#auto-createdeviceswithDebianstandardpermissions
CREATEowner=rootgroup=diskmode=0660auto=yes
#automaticallytagnewarraysasbelongingtothelocalsystem
HOMEHOST
#instructthemonitoringdaemonwheretosendmailalerts
MAILADDRroot
#definitionsofexistingMDarrays
#Thisfilewasauto-generatedonWed,21Oct200905:
15:
31-0400
#bymkconf$Id$
ARRAY/dev/md0level=raid1num-devices=2UUID=f7b5fc02:
7403af43:
5e6a6f81:
fcc9bfbf
ARRAY/dev/md1level=raid1num-devices=2UUID=4dff2929:
83c5256e:
5e6a6f81:
fcc9bfbf
ARRAY/dev/md2level=raid1num-devices=2UUID=5ae22f2f:
b4ec4e9a:
5e6a6f81:
fcc9bfbf
然后我们需要挂载/dev/md0和/dev/md2
mkdir/mnt/md0
mkdir/mnt/md2
mount/dev/md0/mnt/md0
mount/dev/md2/mnt/md2
显示挂载息
mount
/dev/sda3on/typeext3(rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro)
procon/proctypeproc(rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
/syson/systypesysfs(rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
varrunon/var/runtypetmpfs(rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,mode=0755)
varlockon/var/locktypetmpfs(rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,mode=1777)
udevon/devtypetmpfs(rw,mode=0755)
devshmon/dev/shmtypetmpfs(rw)
devptson/dev/ptstypedevpts(rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1on/boottypeext3(rw,relatime)
securityfson/sys/kernel/securitytypesecurityfs(rw)
/dev/md0on/mnt/md0typeext3(rw)
/dev/md2on/mnt/md2typeext3(rw)
接下来我们要修改/etc/fstab文件里的uuid,将/dev/sda1改为/dev/md0,/dev/sda2改为/dev/md1,/dev/sda3改为/dev/md2.
请再修改前做好备份,
cp/etc/fstab/etc/fstab_back
sudoblkid这条命令显示系统所有分区的UUID
root@epfhk:
~#blkid
/dev/sda1:
UUID="78b8d843-958a-49bd-9623-6ee65e3568d1"TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda2:
TYPE="swap"UUID="c05e3f80-f217-4470-b9ed-0625d27da67e"
/dev/sda3:
UUID="d312f5de-2217-421d-b4ee-b0f51941be63"TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sdb1:
UUID="02fcb5f7-43af-0374-816f-6a5ebfbfc9fc"TYPE="mdraid"
/dev/sdb2:
UUID="2929ff4d-6e25-c583-816f-6a5ebfbfc9fc"TYPE="mdraid"
/dev/sdb3:
UUID="2f2fe25a-9a4e-ecb4-816f-6a5ebfbfc9fc"TYPE="mdraid"
/dev/md0:
UUID="f2a659f1-ab86-47b6-8dfb-5c0499ebb59e"TYPE="ext3"
/dev/md1:
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