英语英语高中阅读理解科普环保练习题及解析.docx
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英语英语高中阅读理解科普环保练习题及解析.docx
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英语英语高中阅读理解科普环保练习题及解析
(英语)英语高中阅读理解(科普环保)练习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?
Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.
Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".
Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.
Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.
Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?
AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二极管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.
Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."
(1)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. Screendevicesonthemarket.
B. Foldableageisarriving.
C. Possiblepowersofatablet.
D. Foldablescreensareimperfect.
(2)WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?
A. Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.
B. TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.
C. Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.
D. Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.
(3)Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?
A. Theyareeasytobreak.
B. Theyareinconvenienttocarry.
C. Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.
D. Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.
(4)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?
A. Worried.
B. Cautious.
C. Positive.
D. Unconcerned.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。
”
(1)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?
”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机,可以折叠起来,整齐地放在手里,那不是很棒吗?
;以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”现在,类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。
可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。
“这是一块空白的画布,我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。
”“可知,我们能从贾斯汀·丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。
”故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而,目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。
例如华为MateX的价格是17500元人民币。
这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。
可知,目前可折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界,那么毫无疑问,它将会到来。
可知,作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.
Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:
"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."
ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.
Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?
A. comfort
B. treat
C. spot
D. nurse
(2)Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?
A. Bystoringbloodsamples.
B. Byanalyzingpatients'cases.
C. Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.
D. Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.
(3)WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?
A. ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.
B. Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.
C. Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.
D. Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.
(4)Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?
A. Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.
B. Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.
C. Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.
D. Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病,每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动,预防死亡或严重疾病,可以猜测出,人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。
此处screen意为“筛查”。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知,计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."杨教授认为,人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大,以此类比,说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知,这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者,而不是坐等病情恶化,从而推断,人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判,早介入,从而帮助挽救大量生命,将大大促进卫生服务。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Accordingtoarecentstudy,anewgeneticallymodifiedricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthediseaseAIDS.
Thestudyreportsthenewly-developedriceproducesproteinsthatattachdirectlytotheHIVvirus.Thisprocesspreventsthevirusfrommixingwithhumancells.Thescientistssayitcanremovetheeffectofthevirusandblockitsspreading.
TheJointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDSreportsthatworldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.Theorganizationsaysthelargestnumberofthoseareindevelopingcountries.Nearlytwo-thirdsofHIVcasesareinAfrica.NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease.
Thenewstudypredictstherice-basedmethodwillleadtolong-termuseoftheanti-HIVtreatmentacrossthedevelopingworld.Researcherssaidthe"groundbreaking"discoveryis"realisticallytheonlyway"thatanti-HIVcombinationtreatmentscanbeproducedatacostlowenoughforthedevelopingworld.
Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.TheHIV-fightingproteinscanthenenterthebodythroughtheskin.Peopleallovertheworldcouldgrowthericeandmakethecreamthemselves.Thiswouldpreventthecostandtravelrequiredformanypatientstoreceivetreatmentsandmedicine.
Theprocessofchangingthegeneticstructureoffoodcropshasbeendebatedforsometime.Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.
(1)Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?
A. Stresstheurge
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