从句.docx
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从句.docx
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从句
宾语从句
知识梳理:
提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)
HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)
MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)
2.宾语从句的引导词有三类:
(1)以that引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句,that可以省略。
eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron.
Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.
(2)以连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how,where,why等引导的宾语从句,从句是陈述语序
eg,Couldyoutellmewhat’sthematterwithu?
Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin.
(3)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序
eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.
3.宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。
eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.
Youaretellingmethatyouwon’tstopuntiltomorrow?
(2)当主句为一般过去时态时,从句要用于过去有关的时态。
eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow.
Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.
(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.
Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews
注意:
一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。
1.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if
eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe’llgoonthepicnic.
2.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.
eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.
Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?
3.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.
eg,Youcan’tworktheplanoutifyoudon’thavethemeeting.
例题解析:
举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.Theteacheraskedthestudents________.
A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn
C.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted
解析:
宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用于过去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果.
应选
2.Couldyoutellme_______?
A.whatthematteriswithyouB.whatwasthematterwithyou
C.what’sthematterwithyouD.what’sthewrongwithyou.
解析:
what就是从句的主语,what’sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序,因此删掉A;主句可看作是委婉的请求,并是一般过去式,可删去答案B;wrong前不用加the,因此此题选C.
3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong“MyHeartwillGoOn.”
A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.that
解析:
此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词,故删去D;weather意为天气,根据句意应选A.
4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth.
A.wentB.turnedC.goD.turns
解析:
从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响。
应选D
5.Itmakesnodifference__________.
A.whetherwillyoucometomorrow.
B.Whetherornotwillbepasstheexam
C.Ifhewillcometothemeetingornot
D.Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot
解析:
答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用。
因此此题选D
6.Theydon’tknow_______theirparentsare.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which
解析:
what表示职业,因此选B.
7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who
解析:
根据句意应用what,做said的内容,你所说的话。
应选A.
8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.
A.todowhat,todohowB.whattodoit,howtodoit
C.whattodo,howtodoitD.whattodo,howtodo
解析:
疑问词what即连接不定式,又做do的宾语;而在how引导的不定式短语中,how表示方式,do为及物动词,因此需接宾语才正确
应选C
练习与巩固:
熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?
---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.
A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins
2.---Todayortomorrow?
---Whatareyoutalkingabout?
---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.
A.howB.whereC.whenD.what
3.Iwonder_________.
A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelive
C.heliveswhereD.wherehelives
4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?
It'sbeenverylate.
---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.
A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how
5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?
---InasmallvillagenearNiingbo.
A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasborn
C.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn
6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?
---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.
A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe
8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?
---Pardon?
---Iaskedwhere_________.
A….didhecomefromB.hecamefrom
C.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom
9.Shewondered__________.
A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputer
C.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer
10.---Doyouknow________?
---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.
A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo
1-5DCDCB6-10BBBBA
状语从句
状语从句在复合句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。
知识梳理:
提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
各类状语从句连接词(短语)一览表:
时间
when,while,as,assoonas,since,until,after,before
条件
If,unless
原因
As,because,since
地点
Where
目的
Sothat,inorderthat
结果
Sothat,so…that,such…that
让步
though,although,evenif,however
方式
As
比较
than,(not)as…as,
时间状语从句:
Wheneverhecomes,hebringsafriend.他每次来都带个朋友。
条件状语从句:
AslongasIamalive,Iwillgoonstudying.只要我活着,我就要学习。
原因状语从句:
Sincewelivenearthesea,weenjoyniceweather.由于我们住在海边,能享受到好的天气。
地点状语从句:
Putitwherewecanallseeit.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。
目的状语从句:
Finishthissothatyoucanstartanother.把这个做完,你可以开始另一个。
结果状语从句:
Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayaword.他气得说不出话了。
让步状语从句:
Thoughheisinpoorhealth,heworkshard.虽然他身体不好,但是他工作很努力。
方式状语从句:
Studentsdoastheteacherssay.学生们按照老师说的去做。
比较状语从句:
Theworkisn’taseasyasIthought.这项工作比我想象得难。
例题解析:
举一反三,学的更轻松!
易混引导词while,when,as的区别:
when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用,也可以指“时间段”,与延续性动词连用(=while)。
如:
Whenhecamein,hismotherwascooking.
When(While)wewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.
While表示时间段,因此,while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
如:
Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.
As与when用法相似,但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生,有“随着……”或“一边……一边……”之意。
如:
Asyougetolder,yougetmoreknowledge.随着年龄的增长,你获得的知识就越多。
2.Because,as,since的区别:
Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题,语气最强;As用于说明原因,着重点在主句,常译成“由于”;since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实,常译成“既然”。
如:
Waterisveryimportantbecausewecan’tlivewithoutit.
Hedidn’tcomeyesterdayashismotherwasill.
I’lldoitforyousinceyouarebusy.
3.such…that,so…that,sothat引导结果状语从句的区别:
such是形容词,修饰名词;so是副词,修饰形容词或副词。
其结构如下:
1)such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that……
2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+that……
3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that……。
如:
ThiswassuchagoodfilmthatIwenttoseeitseveraltimes.
Itwassuchgoodbooksthattheysellwell.
ItwassuchbadweatherthatIhadtostayathome.
HespokesofastthatIcouldn’tfollowhim.
Heissuchalovelyboythatwealllikehim.
=Heissolovelyaboythatwealllikehim.
注:
在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中,当名词前有many,much,few,little表示数量的多少时,名词前用so。
如:
Shemadesomanymistakesthatshedidn’tpasstheexam.
练习与巩固:
熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
选择合适的连接词,完成下列句子。
1.Jimspendsalotofmoneyonbooks______heisnotrich.
2.Katefellintosleep______shewaslisteningtothemusic.
3.----IsDavidatschooltoday?
----No.Heisathome______hehasabadcold.
4.Wewon’thavesupper______mymothercomesback.
5.Speaktohimslowly______hemayunderstandyoubetter.
6.______shedoesn’tcomeonSunday,I’llgofishingbymyself.
7.Itisfouryears______Ihadleftthatsmallvillage.
8.______theairmoves,itiscalledwind.
9.Wewillgotothepark______itdoesn’traintomorrow.
10.______littleboysdid______muchwork.
11.Thereareafewnewwordsinthepassage______wecan’tunderstandit.
12.Goback______youcomefrom.
13.Hereachedthestation______thetrainhadleft.
14.----Doyouhaveaswimmingpool?
----No,wedon’t.Atleast,not______big______yours.
15.Givemeyourpaper______youhavefinishedit.
16.Itisraininghard,______wehavetostayathome.
17.______youworkharder,you’llneverpassthefinalexam.
18.Lookaftertechildren______Iamout.
19.Thevillageis______faraway______Ican’tgetthereonfoot.
20.Thatis______aninterestingbook______Ican’tstopreadingit.
Keys:
1.though2.while3.because4.until5.sothat
6.Evenif7.since8.when9.if10.Such,do
11.but12.where13.before14.as(so),as15.after
16.so17.unless18.while19.so,that20.such,that
定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
知识梳理:
提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词后面。
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
本章只介绍限定性定语从句。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where、when,关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词和关系副词的作用:
先行词指物时,关系代词用that或which(在句中作主语或宾语)。
如:
Chinaisacountrywhich/thathasalargepopulation.
Thecomputergamewhich/thatheisplayingishisfavorite.
先行词指人时,关系代词用(who)作主语或宾语,whom(作宾语),whose(作定语),that(作主语或宾语)。
如:
Themanwhoismendingthemachinehasbeenretired.
Thisisthepolicemanwho/whomtheyweretalkingaboutyesterday.
Ilikethegirlwhosemotherisanactor.
注意:
下列情况下关系代词只用that而不用which或who。
先行词是指物的不代词,如:
all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything等时。
如:
Ididn’tunderstandthewordsallthathesaid.
2.先行词由最高级、序数词以及any,very,only,all,no,just等所修饰。
如:
ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.
行词既包括人,也包括物。
如:
Theyalwaysliketotalkaboutthemanandthethingsthattheyseeontheroad.
当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
如:
whoisthemanthatopenedupthelab.
例题解析:
举一反三,学的更轻松!
Heisafriend______canhelpyouintimeofneed.
A.whoheB.whoseC./D.who
解析:
引导词在定语从句中做主语,指人。
应选D。
Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.
A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,that
解析:
先行词前有序数词,最高级时,引导次只能用that.应选D.
Thisistheonlyoneofthesebooksthat______worthreading.
A.hasB.haveC.isD.are
解析:
引导词that在句中作主语,代指one,应选C。
Theman______talkedtoyoujustnowismyfather.
A.whoB.heC.whichD.whose
解析:
引导词在句中作主语指人,应选A.
Theythoughttoomuchabout______.
A.whichIhadsaidB.whatIhadsaid
C
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