TOEFL真题练习.docx
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TOEFL真题练习.docx
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TOEFL真题练习
TOEFL真题练习2020
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TOEFL真题1
托福阅读文本:
TheprincipaldifferencebetweenurbangrowthinEuropeandintheNorth
Americancolonieswastheslowevolutionofcitiesintheformerandtheirrapid
growthinthelatter.InEuropetheygrewoveraperiodofcenturiesfromtown
economiestotheirpresenturbanstructure.InNorthAmerica,theystartedas
wildernesscommunitiesanddevelopedtomatureurbanisminlittlemorethana
century.
IntheearlycolonialdaysinNorthAmerica,smallcitiessprangupalong
theAtlanticCoastline,mostlyinwhatarenowNewEnglandandMiddleAtlantic
statesintheUnitedStatesandinthelowerSaintLawrencevalleyinCanada.
ThiswasnaturalbecausetheseareaswerenearesttoEnglandandFrance,
particularlyEngland,fromwhichmostcapitalgoods(assetssuchasequipment)
andmanyconsumergoodswereimported.Merchandisingestablishments
were,accordingly,advantageouslylocatedinportcitiesfromwhichgoodscould
bereadilydistributedtointeriorsettlements.Here,too,werethefavored
locationsforprocessingrawmaterialspriortoexport.Boston,Philadelphia,
NewYork,Montreal,andothercitiesflourished,and,asthecoloniesgrew,
thesecitiesincreasedinimportance.
ThiswaslesstrueinthecolonialSouth,wherelifecenteredaroundlarge
farms,knownasplantations,ratherthanaroundtowns,aswasthecaseinthe
areasfurthernorthalongtheAtlanticcoastline.Thelocalisolationandthe
economicself-sufficiencyoftheplantationswereantagonistictothe
developmentofthetowns.Theplantationsmaintainedtheirindependencebecause
theywerelocatedonnavigablestreamsandeachhadawharfaccessibletothe
smallshippingofthatday.Infact,oneofthestrongestfactorsinthe
selectionofplantationlandwasthedesiretohaveitsfrontonawater
highway.
WhentheUnitedStatesbecameanindependentnationin1776,itdidnot
haveasinglecityaslargeas50,000inhabitants,butby1820ithadacityof
morethan10,000people,andby1880ithadrecordedacityofoveronemillion.
Itwasnotuntilafter1823,afterthemechanizationofthespinninghadweaving
industries,thatcitiesstarteddrawingyoungpeopleawayfromfarms.Such
migrationwasparticularlyrapidfollowingtheCivilWar(1861-1865).
托福阅读题目:
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)FactorsthatslowedthegrowthofcitiesinEurope.
(B)TheevolutionofcitiesinNorthAmerica
(C)TradebetweenNorthAmericanandEuropeancities
(D)TheeffectsoftheUnitedSatesindependenceonurbangrowthinNew
England.
2.Thewordtheyinline4refersto
(A)NorthAmericancolonies
(B)cities
(C)centuries
(D)towneconomies
3.ThepassagecomparesearlyEuropeanandNorthAmericancitiesonthe
basisofwhichofthe
following?
(A)Theireconomicsuccess
(B)Thetypeofmerchandisetheyexported
(C)Theirabilitytodistributegoodstointeriorsettlements
(D)Thepaceoftheirdevelopment
4.Thewordaccordinglyinline11isclosestinmeaningto
(A)asusual
(B)incontrast
(C)tosomedegree
(D)forthatreason
5.Accordingtothepassage,earlycolonialcitieswereestablishedalong
theAtlanticcoastlineof
NorthAmericadueto
(A)anabundanceofnaturalresources
(B)financialsupportfromcolonialgovernments
(C)proximitytopartsofEurope
(D)afavorableclimate
6.Thepassageindicatesthatduringcolonialtimes,theAtlanticcoastline
citiespreparedwhichof
thefollowingforshipmenttoEurope?
(A)Manufacturingequipment
(B)Capitalgoods
(C)Consumergoods
(D)Rawmaterials
7.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaspectsofthe
plantationsysteminfluencedthe
growthofsoutherncitiesEXCEPTthe
(A)locationoftheplantations
(B)accessofplantationownerstoshipping
(C)relationshipsbetweenplantationresidentsandcityresidents
(D)economicself-sufficiencyoftheplantations
8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,incomparisonwithnorthern
cities,mostsoutherncities
were
(A)moreprosperous
(B)smaller
(C)lesseconomicallyself-sufficient
(D)tiedlesscloselytoEnglandthantoFrance
9.Thewordrecordedinline26isclosestinmeaningto
(A)imagined
(B)discovered
(C)documented
(D)planned
10.Theworddrawinginline28isclosestinmeaningto
(A)attracting
(B)employing
(C)instructing
(D)representing
11.ThepassagementionstheperiodfollowingtheCivilWar(line29)
becauseitwasatimeof
(A)significantobstaclestoindustrialgrowth
(B)decreaseddependenceonforeigntrade
(C)increasednumbersofpeopleleavingemploymentonfarms
(D)increasedmigrationfromnorthernstatestosouthernstates
托福阅读答案:
BBDDCDCBCAC
TOEFL真题2
托福阅读文本:
Duringtheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,almostnothingwaswritten
aboutthecontributionsofwomenduringthecolonialperiodandtheearly
historyofthenewlyformedUnitedStates.Lackingtherighttovoteandabsent
fromtheseatsofpower,womenwerenotconsideredanimportantforcein
history.AnneBradstreetwrotesomesignificantpoetryintheseventeenth
century,MercyOtisWarrenproducedthebestcontemporaryhistoryofthe
AmericanRevolution,andAbigailAdamspennedimportantlettersshowingshe
exercisedgreatpoliticalinfluenceoverherhusband,John,thesecondPresident
oftheUnitedStates.Butlittleornonoticewastakenofthesecontributions.
Duringthesecenturies,womenremainedinvisibleinhistorybooks.
Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thislackofvisibilitycontinued,
despitetheeffortsoffemaleauthorswritingaboutwomen.Thesewriters,like
mostoftheirmalecounterparts,wereamateurhistorians.Theirwritingswere
celebratoryinnature,andtheywereuncriticalintheirselectionanduseof
sources.
Duringthenineteenthcentury,however,certainfeministsshowedakeen
senseofhistorybykeepingrecordsofactivitiesinwhichwomenwereengaged.
National,regional,andlocalwomensorganizationscompiledaccountsoftheir
doings.Personalcorrespondence,newspaperclippings,andsouvenirsweresaved
andstored.Thesesourcesfromthecoreofthetwogreatestcollectionsof
womenshistoryintheUnitedStatesoneattheElizabethandArthurSchlesinger
LibraryatRadclifféCollege,andtheothertheSophiaSmithCollectionatSmith
College.Suchsourceshaveprovidedvaluablematerialsforlatergenerationsof
historians.
Despitethegatheringofmoreinformationaboutordinarywomenduringthe
nineteenthcentury,mostofthewritingaboutwomenconformedtothegreat
womentheoryofhistory,justasmuchofmainstreamAmericanhistory
concentratedongreatmen.Todemonstratethatwomenweremakingsignificant
contributionstoAmericanlife,femaleauthorssingledoutwomenleadersand
wrotebiographies,orelseimportantwomenproducedtheirautobiographies.Most
oftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclifeasreformers,activistsworking
forwomensrighttovote,orauthors,andwerenotrepresentativeatallofthe
greatofordinarywoman.Thelivesofordinarypeoplecontinued,generally,to
beuntoldintheAmericanhistoriesbeingpublished.
托福阅读题目:
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)TheroleofliteratureinearlyAmericanhistories
(B)TheplaceofAmericanwomeninwrittenhistories
(C)ThekeensenseofhistoryshownbyAmericanwomen
(D)ThegreatwomenapproachtohistoryusedbyAmericanhistorians
2.Thewordcontemporaryinline6meansthatthehistorywas
(A)informative
(B)writtenatthattime
(C)thoughtful
(D)faultfinding
3.Inthefirstparagraph,Bradstreet,Warren,andAdamsarementionedto
showthat
(A)awomansstatuswaschangedbymarriage
(B)eventhecontributionsofoutstandingwomenwereignored
(C)onlythreewomenwereabletogettheirwritingpublished
(D)poetryproducedbywomenwasmorereadilyacceptedthanotherwriting
bywomen
4.Thewordcelebratoryinline12meansthatthewritingsreferredto
were
(A)relatedtoparties
(B)religious
(C)serious
(D)fullofpraise
5.Thewordtheyinline12refersto
(A)efforts
(B)authors
(C)counterparts
(D)sources
6.Inthesecondparagraph,whatweaknessinnineteenth-centuryhistories
doestheauthorpoint
out?
(A)Theyputtoomuchemphasisondailyactivities
(B)Theyleftoutdiscussionoftheinfluenceofmoneyonpolitics.
(C)Thesourcesoftheinformationtheywerebasedonwerenotnecessarily
accurate.
(D)Theywereprintedonpoor-qualitypaper.
7.Onthebasisofinformationinthethirdparagraph,whichofthe
followingwouldmostlikely
havebeencollectedbynineteenth-centuryfeministorganizations?
(A)Newspaperaccountsofpresidentialelectionresults
(B)BiographiesofJohnAdams
(C)Lettersfromamothertoadaughteradvisingherhowtohandleafamily
problem
(D)Booksaboutfamousgraduatesofthecountrysfirstcollege
8.Whatusewasmadeofthenineteenth-centurywomenshistorymaterialsin
theSchlesinger
LibraryandtheSophiaSmithCollection?
(A)Theywerecombinedandpublishedinamultivolumeencyclopedia
(B)Theyformedthebasisofcollegecoursesinthenineteenthcentury.
(C)Theyprovidedvaluableinformationfortwentieth-centuryhistorical
researchers.
(D)TheyweresharedamongwomenscollegesthroughouttheUnited
States.
9.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingas
possiblerolesof
nineteenth-centurygreatwomenEXCEPT
(A)authors
(B)reformers
(C)activistsforwomensrights
(D)politicians
10.Thewordrepresentativeinline29isclosestinmeaningto
(A)typical
(B)satisfied
(C)supportive
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