剑桥雅思8听力原稿纯手打.docx
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剑桥雅思8听力原稿纯手打.docx
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剑桥雅思8听力原稿纯手打
剑桥雅思8-听力原稿(纯手打)
Test1Section1
Higorge,gladyou’reback,loadsofpeoplehavephonedyou.
Really?
Ifeltjustlikeyoursecretary.
Sorry,IwentintothelibrarythisafternoontohavealookatanewspaperandIcameacrosssomethingreallyinteresting.
What?
Abook?
No.abrochurefromasummerfestival,mainlySpanishmusic.Look,I’vegotithere.
Spanishmusic?
Ireallylovetheguitar.Let’shavealook.Sowhat’sthisgroupguitarrini
They’rereallygood.Therehadavideowithallthehighlightsofthefestivalatastandinthelobbytothelibrary,soIheardthem.Theyplayfantasticinstruments,drumandflutesandoldkindsofguitars.I’veneverheardanythinglikeitbefore.
Soundsgreat
Ok,shallwegothen,spoilourselves
Yes,let’s
Theonlyproblemistherearen’tanycheapseats.It’salloneprice
Well,inthatcase,wecouldsitrightatthefront,we’dhaveareallygoodview.
Yeah,thoughIthinkthatifyousitattheback,youcanactuallyhearthewholethingbetter.
Yes,anyway,wecandecidewhenwegetthere.
SowillyoufillintheformorshallI
I’lldoit,name,address48northavenuewestsea
Doyourememberournewpostcode,stillcan’trememberit
Justaminute,I’vegotitwrittendownhere.Ws62yh,doyouneedthephonetoo
Please.I’mreallybadatnumbers
01674553242,solet’sbook2ticketsforguitarrini
Ok,ifyou’resure7.5eachisallright.Howdoyoufeelthesinger
Ihaven’tquitedecided.ButI’venoticedsomethingonthebookingformthatmightjustpersuademe
What’sthatthen
RightSandra,youwantedtoseemetogetsomefeedbackonyourgroup’sproposal.Theoneyou’resubmittingforthegeographysocietyfieldtripcompetition.I’vehadalookthroughyourproposalandIthinkit’sareallygoodchoice.Infact,Ionlyhaveafewthingstosayaboutit,buteveninanoutlinedocumentlikethis,youreallyhavetobecarefultoavoidtyposandproblemswithlayoutintheproposalandeveninthecontentspage.Soreaditthroughcarefullybeforesubmittingit,ok?
Willdo
AndI’vemadeafewnotesontheproposalaboutthingswhichcouldhavebeenbettersequenced.AstothewritingitselfI’veannotatedtheproposalasandwhereIthoughtitcouldbeimproved.Generallyspeaking,Ifeelyou’veoftenusedcomplexstructuresandlongsentencesforthesakeofit,andasaconsequence,althoughyourparagraphingandinclusionofsubheadingshelp,it’squitehardtofollowyourtrainofthoughtattimes.Socutthemdownabit,canyou?
Anddon’tforgetsimpleformattinglikenumbering.
Didn’tIusepagenumbers
Ididn’tmeanthat.Lookyou’verememberedtoincludeheadersandfooters,whichisgood,butlistingideasclearlyisimportant.Numberthemorusebulletpointswhichisevenclearer.Thenyou’llfocusthereaderonyourmainpoints.IthoughtyoursuggestiontogototheNavajotribalparkwasaverygoodidea.
I’vealwayswantedtogothere.Myfatherwasagreatfunofcowboyfilmsandthewildwest,soIwassubjectedtoseeingalltheepics,manyofwhichwereshotthere.Asaconsequenceitfeelsveryfamiliartomeandit’sawesomebothgeographicallyandvisually.Soit’ssomewhereI’vealwayswantedtovisit.ThesubsequentresearchIdidandtheonlinephotographsmademeevenkeener.
Interesting,rightlet’slookatthecontentofyourproposalnow.
Didyoufinditcomprehensiveenough?
Wellyesandno.you’velistedseveraldifferenttopicsonyourcontentspagebutI’mnotsurethey’reallrelevant.
Well,Ithoughtthatfromtheperspectiveofafieldtrip,onethingIneededtofocusonwasthesandstoneplateauxandcliffsthemselves,thewaytheytowerupfromtheflatlandscapeisjustamazing.Thefactthatthesurroundingsoftrockswereerodedbywindandrain,leavingthesehugeoutcropshighabovetheplain.It’shardlysurprisingattouristflocktoseethearea.
Well,yes,I’dagreewithincludingthosepoints
Andthenthefactthatit’sbeenhometonativeAmericanNavajosandallthesocialhistorythatgoeswiththat,thehardshipstheenduredtryingtosavetheirterritoryfromtheinvadingsettlers,theircultureissorich,allthosewonderfulstories.
WellIagreeit’sinterestingbutit’snotimmediatelyrelevanttoyourproposal,soatthisstageIsuggestyoufocusonotherconsiderations.Ithinkanindicationofwhatthestudentsonthetripcouldactuallydowhentheygetthereshouldbefarmorecentral,sothatcertainlyneedstobeincludedandtobeexpandedupon.AndI’dliketoseesomethingaboutthelocalwildlifeandvegetationtoo,notthatIimaginethere’smuchtosee.Presumablythetouristinvasionhasn’thelped.
Ok,I’lldosomeworkonthosetwoareasaswell.Butyou’reright,thereisnotmuchapartfromsomeveryshallow-rootedspecies,althoughit’scoldandsnowythereinthewinter,theearthisbakedsohardinthesummersunthatrainwatercan’tpenetrate,soit’sacaseoffloodordroughtreally.
SoIunderstand.Nowbeforewelookateverythinginmoredetail,I’vegotafewfactualquestionsforyou.It’dbeagoodideatoincludetheanswersinyourfinishedproposalbecausethey’remissingfromyourdraft.
Soyoumentionedthemonolithsandthespires,whichwasgood,butwhatareadoesthetribalparkcover?
Doyouknow?
12000hectaresandtheplainisatabout5850metersabovesealevel
LargerthanIexpected.Whereisthenearestaccommodation?
That’sapracticaldetailthatyouhaven’tincluded.Haveyoudoneanyresearchonthat?
Yes,thereisnowheretostayintheparkitselfbutthereisanoldtradingpostcalledGouldingquitenear,allkindsoftoursstartfromGouldingtoo.
Whatkindoftours
Well,themostpopularareinfour-wheeldrivejeeps,butIwouldn’trecommendhiringthose,Ithinkthebestwaytoappreciatetheareawouldbetohirehorsesinsteadandtrekaroundonthose.Bikingisnotallowedandit’simpossibletodrivearoundtheareainprivatevehicles.Thetracksaretoorough.
Ok,lastly,whatelseisworthvisitingthen
ThereareseveralcavesbutIhaven’tlookedintoanydetails,I’llfindoutaboutthem
Ok,good,nowwhatI’dliketoknow.
Section4
Sowelcometoyourintroductorygeographylecture.We’llbeginwithsomebasics.Firstly,whatdowelearnbystudyinggeography.
Well,welearnagreatdealaboutalltheprocessesthathaveaffectedandthatcontinuetoaffecttheearth’ssurface.Butwelearnfarmorethanthatbecausestudyinggeographyalsoinformsusaboutthedifferentkindsofrelationshipsthatdevelopbetweentheparticularenvironmentandthepeoplethatlivethere.
Ok,we’dliketothinkofgeographyashaving2mainbranches.Thereisthestudyofthenatureofourplanet,itsphysicalfeatures,whatitactuallylookslikeandthenit’sthestudyofthewaysinwhichwechoosetoliveandoftheimpactofthoseonourplanet.Ourcurrentuseofcarbonfuelsisagoodexampleofthat.
Buttherearemorespecificstudyareastoconsidertoo,andwe’llbelookingateachoftheseinturnthroughoutthesemester.Theseincludebiophysicalgeography,bywhichImeanthestudyofthenaturalenvironmentandallitslivingthings;thenthereistopographythatlooksattheshapesofthelandandoceans;thereisthestudyofpoliticalgeographyandsocialgeographytoo,ofcourse,whichisthestudyofcommunitiesofpeople;wehaveeconomicgeography,inwhichweexamineallkindsofresourcesandtheiruse,agricultureforexample;nextcomeshistoricalgeography,theunderstandingofhowpeopleandtheirenvironmentsandthewaystheyinteracthavechangedoveraperiodoftime;andurbangeography,anaspectI’mparticularlyinterestedin,whichtakesasitsfocusthelocationofcities,theservicesthatthosecitiesprovideandmigrationofpeopletoandfromsuchcities.Andlastlywehavecartography,that’stheartandscienceofmap-making,you’llbedoingalotofthat.
So,tosummarizebeforewecontinue,wenowhaveakeyanswer,studyingthesubjectisimportantbecausewithoutgeographicalknowledgewewouldknowverylittleaboutoursurroundingsandwewouldn’tbeabletoidentifyalltheproblemsthatrelatetothem.So,bydefinition,wewouldn’tbeinanyinformedpositiontoworkouthowtosolveanyofthem.
Ok,nowforsomepracticalities.Whatdogeographersactuallydo?
Wellwecollectdatatobeginwith,you’llbedoingalotofthatinyourfirstfieldtrip.Howdowedothis?
Thereareseveralmeans,wemight,forexample,conductacensus,countthepopulationinagivenareaperhaps.Wealsoneedimagesoftheearth’ssurfacewhichwecanproducebymeansofcomputer-generationtechnologyorwiththehelpofsatelliterelays.We’vecomeaverylongwayfromtheearlyexplorationoftheworldbysailingshipswhengeographersonlyhadpensandpaperattheirdisposal.
Afterwe‘vegatheredourinformation,wemustanalyzeit.Weneedtolookforpatterns,mostcommonlythoseofcausesandconsequences.Thiskindofinformationhelpstopredictandresolveproblemsthatcouldaffecttheworldwelivein
Butwedon’tkeepallthisinformationconfidential,wethenneedtopublishourfindingssothatotherpeoplecanaccessitandbeinformedbyit.Andonewayinwhichthisinformationcanbepublishedisintheformofmaps.You’llallhaveusedoneatsomestageofyourlifealready.Let’sconsiderthebenefitsofmapsfromageographer’sperspective.
Mapscanbefoldedandputinapocketandcanprovideagreatstoreofreferencewhenthey’recollectedintoanatlas.Theycandepictthephysicalfeaturesoftheentireplanetifnecessary,orjustasmallpartofitinmuchgreaterdetail.Butthereisadrawback,youcan’texactlyreplicatesomethingthatis3-dimensional,li
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