WhyWearehappy上课讲义.docx
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WhyWearehappy上课讲义.docx
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WhyWearehappy上课讲义
WhyWe’reHappy
ByArthurC.Brooks
Youwanttobehappy.I'mgoingtomakethisassumption,andIthinkI'minprettysmartcompanytodoso.Socratesonceaskedhisstudents,"Donotallmendesirehappiness?
"Astudentansweredhim,"Thereisnoonewhodoesnot."
IfSocrateswasright,isn'titreasonabletoassumethatadecentnationwill,atminimum,createtheconditionsinwhichitscitizenscanbestpursuehappiness?
IntheDeclarationofIndependence,theFoundersdidn'ttreathappinessassomefuzzyconcept;theybelievedthatpeoplewantedhappinessandhadtherighttopursueit.Alongwithlifeandliberty,happinesswastheconnectionbetweentheCreatorandournation'sdestiny,andtheabilityofitscitizenstopursueandachievehappinesswasameasureoftheeffectivenessandmoralityofthestate.
Whatmattersmostforhappinessisnothavingalotofthingsbuthavinghealthyvalues.
Buttoday'sleadersandpolicymakersseemtohaveforgottenthis.Tohearpoliticianstalkaboutgrossdomesticproduct,health-carereform,andSocialSecurity,you'dthinkthatthisnation'sFoundingFathersheldasself-evidentthatweareendowedbyourCreatorwiththeabilitytopurchasenew,high-qualityconsumerdurableseachandeveryyear,ortoenjoyhealthyeconomicgrowthwithlowinflationandfullemployment.TheFoundersdidn'ttalkaboutthesematters,notbecausethey'reunimportant,butbecausetheybelievedhappinesswentdeeper.
Asaprofessorofbusinessandgovernmentpolicy,I'velongbeeninterestedinthepursuitofhappinessasanationalconcept.Accordingtohundredsofreliablesurveysofthousandsofpeopleacrosstheland,happypeopleincreaseourprosperityandstrengthenourcommunities.Theymakebettercitizens--andbettercitizensarevitaltomakingournationhealthyandstrong.Happiness,inotherwords,isimportantforAmerica.SowhenIchancedupondataacoupleofyearsagosayingthatcertainAmericanswerelivinginamannerthatfacilitatedhappiness--whileotherswerenot--Ijumpedonit.
Iwantedtobeabletoarticulatewhichpersonallifestylesandpublicpolicieswouldmakeusthehappiestnationpossible.Ialsowantedtoknowwhichofmyownvalues,learnedduringmychildhoodinSeattleandpracticedduringmycareerasauniversityprofessor,werethemostconducivetohappiness.IhadalwaysthoughtthatmarchingtothebeatofmyowndrummerandmakingupmyownvaluesasIwentalongweretherightthingstodo,andthattraditionalvalues,toputitbluntly,wereforsuckers.
TurnsoutthatIwasinforsomesurprises.
First,justwhatishappiness?
Mostresearchersagreethatitinvolvesanassessmentofthegoodandbadinourlives.It'stheemotionalbalancesheetwekeepthatallowsustosayhonestlywhetherwe'relivingahappylife,inspiteofbadthingsnowandthen.
YoumightsuspectthatAmericansaregettinghappierallthetime.Afterall,many(thoughclearlynotall)aregettingricher,andthisshouldmakethembetterableandequippedtofollowtheirdreams.Ontheotherhand,there'salotoftalkaboutthegoodolddays,whenkidscouldplayoutsidewithoutanyworryaboutbeingkidnapped.Andthere'sagreatdealofstressinthiscountryrightnow,duetofinancialconcerns,negativeworkplaceenvironments,andchronichealthproblems,amongotherpressingissues.
ButaveragehappinesslevelsinAmericahavestayedlargelyconstantformanyyears.In1972,30percentofthepopulationsaidtheywereveryhappywiththeirlives,accordingtotheNationalOpinionResearchCenter'sGeneralSocialSurvey.In1982,31percentsaidso,andin2006,31percentsaidsoaswell.Thepercentagesayingtheywerenottoohappywassimilarlyconstant,generallyhoveringaround13percent.
Thefactorsthatadduptoahappylifeformostpeoplearenotwhatwetypicallyhearabout.Thingslikewinningthelottery,gettingliposuction,andearningamaster'sdegreedon'tmakepeoplehappyoverthelonghaul.Rather,thekeytohappiness,andthedifferencebetweenhappyandunhappyAmericans,isalifethatreflectsvaluesandpracticeslikefaith,hardwork,marriage,charity,andfreedom.
HappinessPredictor1:
Faith
Roughly85percentofAmericansidentifywithareligion,andaboutathirdofAmericansattendahouseofworshipeveryweekormore.Thesestatisticshavechangedrelativelylittleoverthedecades.Byinternationalstandards,America'slevelofreligiouspracticeisexceptionallyhigh.InHolland,forexample,just9percentofthepopulationattendschurchonaregularbasis;inFrance,it's7percent;inLatvia,3percent.
Ingeneral,religiousAmericans(thosewhoattendaplaceofworshipalmosteveryweekormore)arehappierthanthosewhorarelyorneverattend.In2004theGeneralSocialSurveyfoundthat43percentofreligiousfolkssaidtheywereveryhappywiththeirli
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