考研英语阅读部分.docx
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考研英语阅读部分.docx
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考研英语阅读部分
2014年考研英语阅读部分
(1)正确答案的特征--------同义改写的手段
1.同义词替换
2.词性的转化
3.正话反说,反话正说
4.具体与抽象转化
5.从句与简单句的转化
(2)错误答案的命题特点:
1.张冠李戴
2.过于绝对
3.断章取义
4.推理过度
5.偷换概念,小动作
6.字面意思,肤浅直白
7.因果颠倒,逻辑混乱
8.扩大范围
9.无据比较
10.时态语态错误
1.Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichcandevelophisorhercapacityforactiveresponsesandwhichcanencouragethecuriosityofthechildrenwillhavegreaterintellectualdevelopment.
Whatcanbeinferredfromthissentence?
A.Stimuliareessentialtothechild’spositiveresponses.
B.ManystimulicanhelpchildrenimprovetheirIQ.
C.Achild’sactiveresponsesdevelopthecuriosityofhim
D.Greaterintellectualdevelopmentisbasedontheenvironment.
2.AmericanX-generationswhostemfromgenerationswhichlefttheiroldpeoplebehindandneverclosedtheirparents’eyelidindeath,andwhohaveheardaboutthedeathprovidedbytwoworldwarsfoughtfarfromourshoresaretodaygettingridofarecognitionofthewaytheirpredecessorslivetheirlives.
WecaninferthatAmericanX-generations____?
A.aredesertingothers’lifestylesbecauseoftheirparents’death
B.aredetachedtothewayoflivingofmodernsociety
C.careaboutnothingbuttheirownbusinessandtheirchildren
D.arebecomingself-concernedbecauseofknowingthedeathoftwoworldwars
3.Unwillingly,hefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoteachbecausetheysucceededinputtingeverythingtheyhadlearnedintopracticehesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocabularyandusagewhichfalloutsidethescopeofbasictextbooks.
Wecaninferthatthestudents_________.
A.hesitatewhentheyputeverythingtheyhadlearnedintopractice
B.dealwiththeunfamiliarEnglishvocabularybadlybecauseofbeingsodependentonteachers
C.shouldlearnmoreaboutextracurricularknowledgeratherthanfocusingontextbooksalone
D.caneasilyputthevocabularyandusageofEnglishintopractice
4.Sciencethatpromotestheinnovationofoursocialproductivityandservicemovesforwardnotsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenthatplayapioneeringroleinoursocietyasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.
Scientificprogressmainlystemsfrom.
A.giftedscientistsandgreatfigures
B.capacityforunderstandinghiddentruths
C.bettertechniquesandfacilities
D.powerfulmenandordinarythings
5.Theincreaseinthenumberofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomehadlesstodowiththemechanizationandconvenienceofthehouseworkandanincreaseinsparetimeforthesewomenthanwiththeirownunavoidableeconomicrequirementsandwithhighmarriageratesthatdecreasetheavailablenumberofsinglewomenworkers.
Whichofthefollowingaccountformoremarriedfemaleworkers?
A.Theautomationandconvenienceofhouseworkandhighmarriagerates
B.Financialburdenandfewersinglewomenworkers
C.Women’sdesireforleisurelivesandkeepingahighsalary
D.Unavoidableeconomicdemandsandtheimportanceofsinglewomen
6.Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationanddemandsofgettingmoreusefulinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenabledeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsandmakeitpossibletostorevastamountsofdata.
Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?
A.Informationstorageismoreimportantthandelivery
B.Improvedtechnologiesleadstoobtainingmoreusefulinformation
C.Speedydeliveryofinformationdemandsadvancedtechnology
D.Gettingmoreusefulinformationneedsstoringmuchinformation.
7.Neverwhentopicdiscussionsavoidedthesubjectswhicharefashionableenoughtogiverisetocuriositywasthemindofteenagersstirredupfromitsfoundationsandthepurposeofdiscussionsfulfilled.
Ifsuccessfultopicsaretobeheld,
A.subjectscannotbetoodull
B.themindofteenagersshouldbestirredup
C.teenagersshouldrealizetheimportanceofdiscussions
D.curiosityshouldbeencouragedbyfashionabletopics
8.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinuedandnewmedicineisusedquicklyandfinallybytheoccurrenceofnewtolerancewhenyoutakethenewmedicinerepeatedly.
Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?
A.Uncomfortablewithdrawalsymptomsleadtousageofnewmedicine.
B.Youfeelunpleasantwhentakingthenewmedicinerepeatedly.
C.Dependenceischaracterizedbytoleranceoftremendoususeofmedicine.
D.newmedicineisbetterthantheoldonetohelpthepatientsrecoverquickly.
9.Humanbeingshavelongdistinguishedthemselvesfromotheranimals,andindoingsoensuredtheirsurvival,bytheabilitytoobserveandunderstandtheirenvironmentandtheneithertoadapttothatenvironmentortocontrolandadaptittotheirownneeds.
Ifmanistosurvive,
A.heshouldbeasdifferentaspossiblefromothercreatures
B.heshouldbuildagoodrelationshipwiththeenvironment
C.heshouldbecomeaccustomedtoitsenvironment
D.hecanobservehisownneedsandenvironment
10.Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthattruthabouttheircondition,andinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermorelowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.
Accordingtothestudies,
A.knowingthetruthdoeslittlegoodtotherecovery
B.withoutadoctor’shelpapatientwillloseheart
C.sometimesariskisworthtakinginordertosaveapatient
D.apatientwillrecoversoonerwithagooddoctor
段落科学的阅读方法
如何读文章(orrather,把握文章)
1、统一性(一致性)(Unity)
(1)主题句(topicsentencesupportingparagraphs/sentences/details)
(2)关键词重复或重现(keywordsorterms)
举例:
spaceexploration/study/research/project/program
technologicalprogress/solution/proposal/changes/advances
(3)(完形、阅读)难题:
善于多联系主题(top-down)
2、连贯性(Coherence)
(1)宏观:
全文展开模式(即全文的套路pattern)
a.记叙/描述说明(Narrationanddescription)
b.一般→具体(立论/驳论)
c.具体→一般:
引子开头;提出问题(现象)→分析问题(原因)(→解决问题)
d.对比型套路(Compareandcontrast)
e.并列展开模式:
(2)微观:
句子与句子、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系(起承转合);
有时还要善于自觉揣摩隐含的逻辑关系。
3、如何读?
(1)目的:
Whatorwhoisthetextabout?
Whataspect(s)ofthissubjectistheauthortalkingabout?
Whatistheauthortryingtogetacrossaboutthisaspectofthesubject?
(2)路标:
a.段落句
b.启承转合之处
c.强对比之处
d.例证之处
e.褒贬含义显著的字眼
f.因果关系之处
1.重点考察段落的一致性,连贯性的能力
话题词重复模式——命题人的核心价值和正确答案的唯一
正确答案往往是段落重复两次以上的话题词
Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.
Theword“bummer”mostprobablymeanssomething
A.religious B.unpleasant C.soul D.worms
历年真题
08年
Text1
Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen.”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.
Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.
Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith.”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”
Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”
AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”
NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.
21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.
B.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbym
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