高中现在完成时及其练习.docx
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高中现在完成时及其练习.docx
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高中现在完成时及其练习
表格式现在完成时的时态和语态
现在完成时特点
要点内容
现在完成时概念
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
现在完成时标志语
already,yet,just,before,
sofar,for+一段时间,since+过去时间〔twoyearsago〕或者一般过去时态的从句
recently,inthepastfewyears“在过去的几年里〞inthelastfewyears“在最后几年里,still,lately,often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,
onseveraloccasion“偶尔〞,now,thismorning
upto〔直到〕thesefewdays/weeks/months/years,
thismorning/week/month/year,today,
uptopresent〔now〕“到现在为止
谓语动词的时态构成
have/has(主语是三单)+done
谓语动词语态构成形式
have/has+been+done
温馨提示〔重要考点〕
1.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如:
e,go,arrive,leave,join,bee,die等。
2.现在完成时常见的几种句型:
①主语+have/hasbeen+for短语
②Itis+一段时间+since从句(过去时)
Ithasbeen+一段时间+since从句(过去时)
Itis+一段时间+that从句(现在完成时)
This/Thatis
thefirst(second,third.....)time
+现在完成时的句子
温馨提示:
过去分词规如此的和一般过去时态的动词变化规如此一样,动词结尾+ed。
不规如此的要逐个记忆不规如此:
go-went〔过去式〕---gone〔过去分词〕
如规如此的:
play---played〔过去式〕--played〔过去分词〕
Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.
is\amflybegin
areplaygo
drinkworkmake
passdoesdance
worryasktaste
eatdrawput
一、详解现在完成时的常见的标志语和词组,特殊结构的用法
1.九个重点标志语的用法
①already已经肯定句中或句尾
Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.
②yet已经否认句和疑问句句尾
Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtaputeryet?
③ever曾经句中Haveyoueverseenpandas?
④never从不句中IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.
⑤just刚刚句中Ihavejustdonemywork.
⑥before以前句尾Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.
⑦sofar到目前为止Sofarhehaslearnt200words.
⑧howlong多久Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?
⑨howmanytimes多少次HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?
2、三词组用法区别:
〔1〕have
主语不在说话现场,通过“WhereisTom〞,或者“Myfatherisn’tin/athome.〞来表现。
Isyourfatherin?
No,hehasgonetoBeijing(去了)
〔2〕have
once,twice,数字+次数times标志语来表现。
HehasbeentoBeijingtwice。
〔他曾去过两次)
〔3〕have
HehasbeeninBeijingfortenyears.
〔4〕have
here,there,home要省去to,in。
Hehasbeenherefortwohours.
3、两结构
fortwomonths
for+一段时间
Jimhaslivedherefor2months.
sincelastyear
since+过去点时间
LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.
since3yearsago
since1990
sincehecamehere
since+过去时态句子
HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.
二 、现在完成时的四个根本句型:
〔1〕.肯定句:
主语+has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其他的。
Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Youhavetalked.
They〔I〕havealreadyfinishedtheirhomework..
(2).否认句:
主语+hasn’t(haven’t)+动词的过去分词+其他的。
Hehasn’treturnedfromabroadYouhaven’ttalked.
(3).一般疑问句:
Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其他的?
HasPeterwrittensixpaperssofar?
Haveyoutalked?
(4).特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句?
HowlonghasThomasstudiedRussian?
三.现在完成时态中的延续性动词和非延续性动词
:
〔1〕延续性动词定义:
表示的动作是能延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响,可以和for+时间段,since+过去时间连接。
如:
learn\work\stand\lie\know\walk\keep\have\wait\watch\sing\read\sleep\live
〔2〕非延续性动词:
也叫终止性动词或者瞬间动词,一次性动词。
表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即完毕,产生某种结果。
在有了某种结果后,动作就不能再继续下去。
如:
leave\start\setout\arrive\reach\getto\begin\stop\shut\turnoff\marry\put\puton\getup\wake\fall\join\meet\receive\finish\end\plete\bee\e\go\die\open\close\break\give\jump\buy\borrow
2.常见的短暂性动词分类〔非延续性动词〕:
〔1〕方向性动词:
e,go,/arrive/getto/reach,move,leave,open,close,join
buy/catch,borrow,lend,getup,bee,fallin
〔2〕开始完毕性动词:
start,begin,finish,end,diebreak,marry,lose
〔3〕结果性动词:
hear,see,find
(温馨提示:
结果性动词不用进展态,不和延续性时间连用)
:
表示短暂意义的动词〔非延续性动词〕,可以用完成时,但是不和for+时间段,since+过去时间,可转换成表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词来表示一样的意思。
〔因为for+时间段,since+过去时间是一段时间状语,属于延续性时间,要和延续性动词连用〕
可以说Hehasarrivedhere.
不能说:
Hehasarrivedherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago.)
可以说:
Hehasbeenherefortenminutes
Hehasbeenheresincetenminutesago.)
Itistenminutessincehearrivedhere.
可以说:
Hehasn’tarrivedherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago).
Hashebeenherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago)?
Hehasdiedtwoyearsago.(用since或者for改写句子)
Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.〔错〕
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的方法有五种:
①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)
②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)
③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.
=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.〔改为固定句型Itis---since---〕
④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.〔改为否认句〕
⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.〔since3yearsago。
〕
〔用延续性动词have代替buy〕
4.延续性动词和非延续性动词转换关系:
①e/arrive/getto/reach→behere
Ihaveeherefor3years.〔错〕
②leave/go→beaway
Hehasleftfor3hours.〔错〕
③begin/start→beon
Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.〔错〕
④open→beopen/close→beclosed
Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)
⑤die→bedead
Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)
⑥finish/end→beover
Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)
⑦join→beinbea….
Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.〔错〕
Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.
⑧buy/catch→have
Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.〔错〕
Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.〔错〕
⑨borrow,lend→keep
Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.〔错〕
还有其它的归纳如下:
break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbee→belose→belost\
5、现在完成时态还常用于如下句型:
①主语+have/hasbeen+for短语HehasbeentoShanghaiforthreeyears.
②Itis+一段时间+since从句(过去时)ItistwodayssinceIarrivedhere.
Itis+一段时间+that从句(现在完成时)Itistwoyearssthatwehavelivedhere.
③This/Thatisthefirst(second,third.....)time+现在完成时的句子
ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedtheputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
现在完成时根底练习一〔现在完成时态的标志语用法〕
三.用所给的单词填空。
A.用already或yet
1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures______?
No,not___________.
2)Mostofushavefinishedourpositions________
3)Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition________.
B.用since或for
1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons______thebeginningofthisterm.
2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital______lastweek.
3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.
C.用havegoneto或havebeento或者havebeenin
1)Wherearetheboystudents?
They_____totheschoolfactory.
2)Isyourfatherin?
No,he____Shenzhen.
_______heever______therebefore?
Yes,he___thereseveraltimes
3)HeaskedmeifI___Hangzhoubefore.
ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI_____never______tothatcitybefore.
4〕Whendidhearrivedthere?
Hearrivedtheretenyearsago.Hetherefortenyears.
5)TomarrivedinBeijignfiveyears.HeBeijingforfiveyears.
6)Where’sLucy?
Shehome.7)Jackheretwice.
现在完成时根底练习二(动词的过去式和过去分词)
写出如下动词的过去式和过去分词
see________drive________let_______
carry______keep_____join______
find_______think________teach______
catch______ studydrop
cry-_____ebuy
leavefinish____fall_____
meetsaylend
throwkickstop______
现在完成时根底练习三〔谓语动词的变化形式〕
1.Everystudent_________________(see)thefilmalready.
2.KentandI__________________(write)asongbefore.
3.Dick_______________(do)theworkthesedays.
4.Thepeopleinthemountains________never________(see)films.
5.Patty_______________(buy)amagazineabouttheschoollife.
6.Theactress________________(live)hereallherlife.
7.Theglassisbroken.Who________(break)thisglass?
8.Finallytheworkers______________(finish)thatjob.
9.________you________(borrow)thebookwetalkedabutlasttime?
10.There’snomorewineinthebottle.They________(drink)allofit.
’sLiMing?
He____(go)totheteacher’soffice.14.Shanghai___(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit____(bee)alargecity.15.I___(work)heresinceI___(move)herein1999.
16.SofarI___(make)quiteafewfriends.
17.Howlong___theWangs___(stay)here?
He(stay)herefortenhours.
18.Youknow,I(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.
19. Thanksalot.It’ssunnyagain.It_______________(rain)foralongtime.
20._____________Mr.Li_______________(live)heresince8yearsold?
21.SinceMr.Licamehere,he_______________(teach)inthisschool.
22.Isyourmotherathome?
------No,she___________(go)towork.
23. Hermother______(bee)adoctorin1970.She____(work)inthehospitalsince26yearsold.
24.He____________(teach)Englishheresincewe______(see)him5yearsago.
25.I’velostmycat._______________youever_______________(see)itanywhere?
26.Myparentsarenotathome.They_______________(leave)forShanghai.
27.Waithere,please.Thetrain_______________(notarrive)yet.
28. Whereismydictionary?
------LiPing_______________(take)itaway.
29.I_______________(lose)mypen,andI_______________(look)foritnow.
30.I_______________(notsee)suchastrangethingbefore.
现在完成时根底性练习四〔延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换〕
1.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.〔同义句〕
Thefactory_____________________fortenyears.
Thefactorysincetenyearsago.
2.Theyhavecleanedtheroomtwicethisweek.(就划线局部提问)
____________________they______theclassroomthisweek?
Theyhavecleanedtheroomtwiceaweek.(就划线局部提问)
________________they______theclassroomthisweek?
3.MyfatherwenttoEnglandin2003and2005.〔同义句〕
Myfather________________England_____.
4.Johnleftthreeyearsago.〔同义句〕
John_______________________threeyears.
Johnsincethreeyearsago
ItsinceJohnleft.
5Hispanyclosedin2003.〔同义句〕
Hispany____________________2003.
6.Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.〔同义句〕
Myfather__________thecarfor___
Myfather__________thecarhalfayearago.
7、Theoldmandiedlastyear.〔同义句〕
Heforayear.(die)
Hesincelastyear(die)
Itsince.
8、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句)
Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.
Thisfactorysincetwentyyearsago
9、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthree
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