美国专利申请模板 冲击扳手文.docx
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美国专利申请模板 冲击扳手文.docx
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美国专利申请模板冲击扳手文
plungertypewaterpump
FIELDOFTHEINVENTION
Thepresentdisclosuregenerallyrelatestothetechnicalfieldofpositivedisplacementhydraulicpumps,andparticularly,toaplungertypewaterpump.Moreparticularly,thepresentdisclosurerelatestoafullywater-lubricatedultra-high-pressureplungertypewaterpump.
BACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTION
Withtheadventoftheworldwideenergycrisisandenhancementofpeople’senvironmentalprotectionawareness,waterhydraulictechnologieshavebeenfoundtohaveadvantagesoveroilhydraulicsystemsinmanyapplicationfields(e.g.,duringunderwateroperations,orinbuoyancyadjustmentofmannedsubmersibles)owingtothespecialphysicochemicalpropertiesofthewatermedium.Accordingly,waterhydraulictechnologieshaveexperiencedarapiddevelopment.
However,becauseviscosityofthewaterisonlyabout1/30~1/50ofthatofthecommonlyusedhydraulicoil,itislessapttoformawaterfilmandalsohaspoorlubricity.Meanwhile,becauseofthestronglycorrosivenatureofthewaterandparticularlytheseawater,selectionofmaterialsusedinwaterhydraulicsystemsislimited.Thisimposesgreatdifficultiesindesignoffrictioncouplingsofwaterhydraulicelements.Forthesereasons,incontrasttooilhydraulicpumps,maturedaxialwaterhydraulicpumpsaremostlydesignedtoworkatamediumorhighpressure,whichisusually12MPa~21MPa.
Afullywater-lubricatedsea-water/fresh-waterpumpinthepriorartadoptsaplatevalveforflowdistribution,andhasaflowrateof10L/min~170L/min,apressureof14MPa~16MPaandanoverallefficiencyofhigherthan82%.AschematicstructuralviewofsuchapumpisshowninFIG.1.Asshown,thisfullywater-lubricatedsea-water/fresh-waterpumpfeaturesacompactstructure,fullwaterlubricationofthefrictioncouplings,andeasymaintenance.Unfortunately,suchapumpalsosuffersfromthefollowingshortcomings:
1.Themaximumworkingpressureis16MPa,whichcannotsatisfytheneedsinparticularapplications,forexample,inthebuoyancyadjustingsystemofalarge-depth(i.e.,thesubmergingdepthexceeds3,000meters)mannedsubmersible.
2.Distributingtheflowbyuseofavalveplateis,ononehand,unsuitableforopensystemsbecausethevalveplateissensitivetopollutants,andontheotherhand,makesitdifficulttoensurethevolumetricefficiencywhenthewaterishigh-pressurized.
3.Asamechanismcomprisedofaswashplateandashoeisused,alargelateralforceisappliedbytheplungertothecylinder.Hence,seriousabrasionwilloccurtothefrictioncouplingafterthewaterishigh-pressurized.
Forwaterhydraulicpumpsofhigherpressures,acrank-shaftandconnecting-rodstructureisusuallyadopted,andamineraloillubricatedstructurewiththeoilandthewaterbeingseparatedisusedfortheprimaryfrictionalcoupling.Waterhydraulicpumpsofthisstructureareoneofthekindsthatarethemostwidelyusedaroundtheworld,anexampleofwhichisatripleplungerpumpinthepriorartwhosepressurerangeis55MPa~275MPa.However,thewaterhydraulicpumpsofthisstructuremainlyhavethefollowingproblems:
1)Theyhavealowrotationspeed(100rev/min~500rev/min),abulkyvolume,andasmallpower-to-weightratio.Iftherotationspeedisincreasedtodecreasethevolumeofthepump,thesealbetweenthewatercavityandthelubricantoilcavitywouldbeoverheatedandevenfail,whichisparticularlythecaseunderhigh-pressureconditions.Meanwhile,thetemperatureoftheoilintheclosedlubricantoilcavitymayalsoincreaseduetopoorheatdissipationtocausedegradationoftheoil.
2)Lubricantoilmustbeusedforlubrication,whichtendstocauseoilpollution;furthermore,whenthewaterhydraulicpumpsareusedindeepseaenvironments,anadditionalpressurecompensationdevicemustbeused,whichmakesthewholestructureverycomplex.
summaryOFTHEINVENTION
Anobjectiveofembodimentsofthepresentdisclosureistoprovideaplungertypewaterpumpthatcanachievewaterlubricationofallfrictioncouplings,surelyhaveahighvolumetricefficiencyandahighpower-to-weightratiounderultra-high-pressureworkingconditions,andreducethefrictionalabrasionofthefrictioncouplingsunderhigh-speedheavy-loadconditionssoastoprolongtheservicelifeofthepump.Theplungerwaterpumpcansuitablyadopttheseawaterorfreshwaterasaworkingmedium,andcanalsosuitablyadoptotherfluidsofalowviscosityasaworkingmedium.
Toachievetheaforesaidobjective,theplungertypewaterpumpofthepresentdisclosurecomprisesapumpbody,arotaryunitandaplungerflow-distributingunit.Thepumpbodycomprisesacavitybody,awaterpumpinletandawaterpumpoutlet;therotaryunitcomprisesarotarymainshaftandisdisposedinthepumpbody;andtheplungerflow-distributingunitisdisposedinthepumpbody.Theplungerflow-distributingunitcomprisesaflatvalveassembly,aplunger-shoeassemblyandasupportingvalveassembly.Theplunger-shoeassemblyisdisposedinsidethecavitybodyanddividesthecavitybodyintoahigh-pressurecavity,alow-pressurecavityandalubricationcavityindependentofeachother;thesupportingvalveassemblyisinfluidcommunicationwiththelow-pressurecavity;theflatvalveassemblyisinfluidcommunicationwiththehigh-pressurecavity;andtherotaryunitisdisposedinsidethelubricationcavityandisinfluidcommunicationwiththelow-pressurecavityviaaflowpassageandthesupportingvalveassembly.Drivenbytherotarymainshaft,theplunger-shoeassemblyreciprocatestoimpeltheflatvalveassemblyandthesupportingvalveassemblytocooperatewitheachothersothattheflatvalveassemblytakesinanddischargeswaterthroughthewaterpumpinletandthewaterpumpoutletrespectivelyandthesupportingvalveassemblyprovidesfluidlubricationfortherotaryunitatthesametime.
Accordingtoapreferredembodimentofthepresentdisclosure,theflatvalveassemblycomprisesanintakevalveandadeliveryvalveformedintegrally,aninletoftheintakevalveisinfluidcommunicationwiththewaterpumpinlet,anoutletofthedeliveryvalveisinfluidcommunicationwiththewaterpumpoutlet,andanoutletoftheintakevalveisinfluidcommunicationwithaninletofthedeliveryvalve.
Accordingtoapreferredembodimentofthepresentdisclosure,therotaryunitfurthercomprisesaresetspring,asetplateandaswashplatedisposedinsequenceontherotarymainshaft;theplunger-shoeassemblycomprisesasteppedplunger,aconnectingrodandashoe,whereintheconnectingrodismovablyconnectedtothesteppedplungerandtheshoerespectivelyatbothendsthereofbymeansofballfrictioncouplings;andaplungerpassageisfurtherdisposedinthecavitybody,withanendofthesteppedplungerbeingslidablydisposedintheplungerpassage,wherein:
onesideofthesetplatemakescontactwiththeresetspring,theothersideofthesetplatemakescontactwiththeshoe,andundertheactionoftheresetspring,thesetplatepressesabottomoftheshoetightlyagainstasurfaceoftheswashplatesothatrotatingmovementoftheswashplateistransferredbytheshoeandtheconnectingrodtothesteppedplungertoimpelthesteppedplungertoreciprocateintheplungerpassage,andthehigh-pressurecavityandthelow-pressurecavityindependentofeachotherareformedbetweenasmall-diameterendofthesteppedplungerandtheplungerpassageandbetweenalarge-diameterendofthesteppedplungerandtheplungerpassagerespectively.
Accordingtoapreferredembodimentofthepresentdisclosure,theplunger-shoeassemblyfurthercomprisesasteppedplungercasingdisposedintheplungerpassage,andthesteppedplungerisdisposedinsideandslidablymakesdirectcontactwiththesteppedplungercasing.
Accordingtoapreferredembodimentofthepresentdisclosure,thesteppedplungercomprisesrecessesdisposedonasurfacethereofanddampingholesthataredisposedradiallyandinfluidcommunicationwiththehigh-pressurecavity,andtherecessesareincommunicationwiththedampingholes.
Accordingtoapreferredembodimentofthepresentdisclosure,thesurfaceoftheswashplatethatmakescontactwiththebottomoftheshoeisappliedwithapolymericwear-resistantlayer,andthepolymericwear-resistantlayerismadeofoneofpolyetheretherketone(PEEK)andpolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE).
Accordingtoapreferredembodimentofthepresentdisclosure,aballendoftheconnectingrodthatformsoneoftheballfrictioncouplingswiththesteppedplungerisformedoftwosemi-sphericalringstightenedtogether,asurfaceofeachofthesemi-sphericalringsisformedwiththreads,andthesemi-sphericalringsareconnectedwithoneofthesteppedplungerandtheconnectingrodbymeansofthethreads.
Accordingtoapreferredembodimentofthepresentdisclosure,thesupportingvalveassemblycomprisesasupportingintakevalveandasupportingdeliveryvalve,andthelow-pressurecavityisinfluidcommunicationwithanoutletofthesupportingintakevalveandaninletofthesupportingdeliveryvalve;therotaryunitfurthercomprisesanaxialslidebearingandaradialslidebearingthatmatewiththerotarymainshaft;andafluidpassageisdisposedintherotarymainshaftandthepumpbodyrespectivelytoallowthesupportingdeliveryvalvetokeepinfluidcommunicationwiththeaxialslidebearingandtheradialslidebearingsothatlubricationandsupportingareachievedfortheaxialslidebearingandtheradialslidebearing.
Accordingtoapreferredembodimentofthepresentdisclosure,asteppedsupportingcavityinfluidcommunicationwiththelow-pressurecavi
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