从功能对能理论看英文商务信函的翻译Word文档格式.docx
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从功能对能理论看英文商务信函的翻译Word文档格式.docx
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11.EnglishBusinessLetters3
2.1thestructureofenglishbusinessletters3
2.2.thefunctionofbusinessletters3
111.TranslationofEnglishbusinessletters5
3.1PrinciplesforthetranslationofEnglishbusinessletters5
3.1.1Correctness5
3.1.2Conciseness6
3.1.3Completeness7
3.1.4Courtesy7
3.2.Classificationsofbusinesslettersandtranslationofeachcategory8
3.3Strategiesforbusinesslettertranslationandtheirapplication9
3.3.1Jargonandfixedexpressions9
3.3.2Translationofcommonwords10
3.3.3Translationoffixedsentencepatterns10
3.4FunctionalequivalenceinEnglishbusinessletters11
Bibliography13
March23,201217
FacultyAdviser:
LiYuanyuan17
I.Nida’sFunctionalEquivalence
In1969,thefamousAmericantranslationtheoristEugeneA.Nidaputforwardfunctionalequivalencetheory.Unlikethetraditionaltranslationtheoriesthatmainlystressthecorrespondencebetweenthesourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,Nida’sfunctionalequivalencetheoryreader’sresponse.Nidapointsoutthatinordertoreachtheidealtranslation,itisnecessarytofindtheclosetnaturalequivalence.Nida'
sfunctionalequivalencetheoryopenupanewperspectivetotranslationstudies.
InNida’sview,translationisnotonlytheequivalenceofwords’meaning,butalsoincludessemantics,andstyle,themessagetranslationofboththesurfacelexicalinformation,butalsodeepculturalinformation.Nida’sfocusonreceptor’sresponseinhisnewconceptoftranslatingisactuallythetheoryofdynamicequivalence,whichis”directedprimarilytowardequivalenceofresponseratherthanequivalenceofform”.
InNida’sopinion,adynamicequivalenttranslationmustfitthereceptorlanguageandcultureinordertomakethetranslatedmessageintelligibleandnaturaltothetargetlanguagereceptors.“Atranslationofdynamicequivalenceaimsatcompletenaturalnessofexpression,andtriestorelatethereceptortomodesofbehaviorrelevantwithinthecontextofhisownculture;
itdoesnotinsistthatheunderstandstheculturalpatternsofthesourcelanguagecontextinordertocomprehendthemessage.”
In1969,inNida’sworkFromOneLanguagetoAnother,hestartedtousethetermfunctionalequivalencetoreplacedynamicequivalent.However,thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthem.Nidadescribedfunctionalequivalencelikethis:
“Basically,dynamicequivalencehasbeendescribedintermsoffunctionalequivalence.Thetranslationhasbeendefinedonthebasisthatthereceptorsofatranslationshouldcomprehendthetranslatedtexttosuchallextentthattheycallunderstandhowtheoriginalreceptorsmusthaveunderstoodtheoriginaltext.”
Nidafurtherperfecthistheoryinthe1990s.InhisbookLanguage,CultureandTranslating,hedividedfunctionalequivalenceintodifferentdegreesofadequacyfromminimaltomaximaleffectivenessonthebasisofbothcognitiveandexperientialfactors.TheMinimaldefinitionoffunctionalequivalenceis“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycallconceiveofhowtheoriginalreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciatedit.”TheMaximaldefinitionoffunctionalequivalencecouldbestatedas“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletounderstandandappreciateitinessentiallythesamemannerastheoriginalreadersdid”.
11.EnglishBusinessLetters
2.1thestructureofenglishbusinessletters
Abusinessletterismoreformalthanapersonalletter.Itshouldhaveamarginofatleastoneinchonallfouredges.Therearesixpartstoabusinessletter.
1.TheHeading.
2.TheInsideAddress.
3.TheGreeting.
4.TheBody.
5.TheComplimentaryClose.
6.TheSignatureLine.
2.2.thefunctionofbusinessletters
Businessletterssecure,promoteandmaintainbusinesswithoutcomplications,Businesslettersserveusareferenceforthefuture.Everyorganizationshouldhavetoclassifyitsoutgoingmailandincomingmailandfilethemclassifiedonthebasisoftheirsubjectmatterinachronologicalsequence.
Wecanenumeratethefunctionsofabusinessletterthus:
(a)PromotionalFunctions:
Businessorganizationshavetogrowandenlarge,improvingthequalityoftheirproducts,byproducingnewproductsandprovidingbetterservices.Thecustomershavetobekeptinformedthroughlettersthesedevelopments.Businessorganizationshavetoexpandtheirmarketbytappingnewareas.Allroundexpansionispossibleonlyiftheorganizationkeepsallthepeopleconcernedwellinformedthroughlettersthatpromotesalesandservice.
(b)InformationalFunctions:
Businesslettersprovidevaluabledataaboutearlierpolicies,transa
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- 关 键 词:
- 功能 理论 英文 商务 信函 翻译