International Business English国际商务英语英文版Word格式.docx
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International Business English国际商务英语英文版Word格式.docx
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国际商务英语
Lesson1InternationalBusiness
第一课国际商务
*Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport,suchasbusinessbetweenHongKongandTaiwan.
*Internationalbusinessinvolvesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness.Thefollowingaresomemajordifferencesbetweenthetwo.
1).Thecountriesinvolvedoftenhavedifferentlegalsystems,andoneormorepartieswillhavetoadjustthemselvestooperateincompliancewiththeforeignlaw.
2).Differentcountiesusuallyusedifferentcurrenciesandthepartiesconcernedwillhavetodecidewhichcurrencytouseanddoeverythingnecessaryasregardsconversionetc.Uncertaintiesandevenrisksareofteninvolvedintheuseofaforeigncurrency.
3).Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behaviouretc.oftenconstitutechallengesandeventrapsforpeopleengagedininternationalbusiness.
4).Countriesvaryinnaturalandeconomicconditionsandmayhavedifferentpoliciestowardsforeigntradeandinvestment,makinginternationalbusinessmorecomplexthandomesticbusiness.
*Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalisation,fewpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayawayfrominternationalbusiness.Someknowledgeinthisrespectisnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement.
*Internationalbusinessfirsttooktheformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.Thisformoftradeisalsoreferredtoasvisibletrade.Lateradifferentkindoftradeintheformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.graduallybecamemoreandmoreimportant.Thistypeoftradeiscalledinvisibletrade.Today,thecontributionofserviceindustriesofthedevelopedcountriesconstitutesover60%oftheirgrossdomesticproductsandaccountforanincreasingproportionofworldtrade.
*Anotherimportantformofinternationalbusinessissupplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountrytoanother,knownasinternationalinvestments.Suchinvestmentscanbeclassifiedintotwocategories.Thefirstkindofinvestments,foreigndirectinvestmentsorFDIforshortismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry.
*Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates,whilethecountrywheretheheadquartersoftheinvestorislocatediscalledthehomecountry.Thesecondkindofinvestment,portfolioinvestment,referstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.Suchfinancialassetsmaybestocks,bondsorcertificatesofdeposit.
Stocksarealsocalledcapitalstocksorbonds.Bondsarepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.Thematurityperiodofabondisatleastoneyear,oftenlonger,forexamplefive,oreventenyears.Certificatesofdepositgenerallyinvolvelargeamounts,say25thousandUSdollars
*Besidestradeandinvestment,internationallicensingandfranchisingaresometimestakenasameansofenteringaforeignmarket.Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Suchintellectualpropertymaybetrademarks,brandnames,patents,copyrightsortechnology.Firmschooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostartbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty
Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipormanagement.Theuseoflicensingisparticularlyencouragedbyhighcustomsdutyandnon-tariffbarriersonthepartofthehostcountry.Howeveritisnotadvisabletouselicensingincountrieswithweakintellectualpropertyprotectionsincethelicensormayhavedifficultyinenforcinglicensingagreement.
*Franchisingcanberegardedasaspecialformoflicensing.Underfranchising,afirm,calledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.Incomparisonwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.
*Thefranchisercandevelopinternationallyandgainaccesstousefulinformationaboutthelocalmarketwithlittleriskandcost,andthefranchiseecaneasilygetintoabusinesswithestablishedproductsorservices.Franchisingisfairlypopularespeciallyinhotelandrestaurantbusiness.
*Otherformsforparticipatingin
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- International Business English 国际商务英语英文版 国际 商务英语 英文
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