小升力初定语从句专项讲解与练习Word文档格式.docx
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小升力初定语从句专项讲解与练习Word文档格式.docx
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child
whose
parents
have
gone
to
Beijing
.
with
whom
my
father
shook
hands
just
now
our
headmaster.
(=The
who/whom/
that
headmaster.)
I
like
books
which
/
were
written
by
Lu
Xun.
desks
(which/that)
made
last
year
very
good.
This
house
in
lived
year.
(=
year.)
live
room
windows
face
south.
the
south.)
2、
掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时,要特别注意以下几点:
1)
指人时宜用who
的情况:
a.
当先行词是
one,
ones,
anyone
或
those
these
时,关系代词用
who。
comrade
want
learn
from
one
who
studies
hard
and
works
hard.
Anyone
breaks
law
should
be
punished.
goes
there
will
punished.
These
are
going
best
students
school.
b.
在there
开头的句子中。
There’s
beautiful
girl
came
see
you
this
morning.
There
student
wants
you.
c.
先行词后有一个较长的定语。
met
foreigner
city
week
could
speak
Chinese
well.
d.
一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复。
won
first
prize
monitor
hards.
e.
在非限定性定语从句中。
She
has
brother,
worked
at
factory
ten
years
ago.
2)
指物时宜用
当先行词为
all,
none,
much,
little,
few,
something,
anything,
everything,
nothing
等不定代词时。
All
can
done
been
done.
当先行词既指人又指物时。
He
spoke
men
thing
(that)
he
had
seen
abroad.
当先行词是疑问词
what,
时或者句子以疑问词
what
打头时。
Who
such
home
doesn’t
love
it?
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级
或者
当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
films
ever
seen.
now.
当先行词被
very,
only,
last,
same
just,
any,
every
few
little
no
all
等修饰时。
book
am
looking
for.
f.
关系代词在从句中作表语。
Mary
longer
she
used
be.
3)
只能用
不能用
的情况。
引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。
Bruce
went
towards
fire,
was
still
smoking.
Tom
back
late,
his
angry.
关系代词作介词的宾语。
Xun
once
lived.
that,those作主语时
Those
on
desk
English
books.
4)
关系代词
as
和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容,as
引导的从句可位于句首或句末,which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。
Which
know,
good
man.
(×
)
As
(√)
5)关系副词when,
why其含义相当于on
for
which等,可以互换:
day
when
/on
him
May
1st.
don’t
know
reason
why
/for
didn’t
come.
6)whose指物时,可以与of
which等结构互换,但应注意与冠词的位置关系:
cover
blue.
7)有时可用that代替关系副词。
在口语中常省略。
(why
that)
late.
8)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时,一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。
sun,
gives
us
light
heat,
big.
9)在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化:
said
her
他没说使她生气的话。
nothing,
他一言不发,这使她很生气。
10)
部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后。
Is
for?
they
waiting
Professor
Li.
after
Ping’s
son.
11)
先行词前有such、the
same、
as时,
关系代词用as,不用that,
但the
same…as…表示同样的,
same…that…表示同一的。
knows
many
people
present
meeting.
Such
refer
rare
nowadays.
3、
定语从句与强调结构
It
place
where
before.
第一个句子为定语从句,where指代the
place,在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调in
place,
that没有意义,把放回后面句子,句子意思完整。
Where
it
found
lost
watch?
(强调句型,强调疑问副词where.)
watch
yesterday?
(定语从句,that指代the
watch.)
4、
定语从句中的先行词
bought
第一个句子中,this
book是主句的主语,the
one是先行词。
在第二个句子中this是主句的主语,the
book是先行词。
一定要避免出现:
5、
定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用,而同位语从句则相当于名词,对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释,即说明该词所表示的具体内容。
例如:
news
heard
not
true.
(定语从句)
(同位语从句)
另:
在“have
idea
+从句”结构中,其从句都作idea的同位语。
back.
6.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
study
passed.
学习努力的学生都考试及格了。
(只有努力的及格了,不努力的没及格。
who
所有的学生都及格了,他们学习努力。
(没有人不及格,这些学生都很努力。
在限制性定语从句中,从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。
)从句与主句关系密切,不用逗号。
译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用
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