届上海市高三英语16区二模汇编概要写作Word格式文档下载.docx
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届上海市高三英语16区二模汇编概要写作Word格式文档下载.docx
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Doesyourmemoryfailasyouage?
I'
m62yearsold.Likemanyofmyfriends,IforgetnamesthatIusedtobeabletorecalleffortlessly.Whenpackingmysuitcaseforatrip,IwalktothebedroomandbythetimeIgetthere,Idon'
tremer
for.AndyetmyIong-termmemoriesareperfect.Irememberthenamesofmythird-gradeclassmates,thefirstrecordalbumIbought,myweddingday.
Thisiswidelyunderstoodtobeaclassicproblemofaging.Buttheproblemisnotnecessarilyage-related.I'
vebeenteachingundergraduatesformyentirecareerandIcanprovethateven20-year-oldsmakeshort-termmemoryerrors—loadsofthem.Theywalkintothewrongclassroom;
theyshowuptoexamswithouttherequiredNo.2pencil;
theyforgetsomethingIjustsaidtwominutesbefore.Thesearesimilartothekindsofthings70-year-oldsdo.
Therelevantdiffereneeisnotagebutratherhowwedescribetheseevents,thestorieswetellourselvesaboutthem.Twenty-year-oldsdon'
tthink,“Ohdear,thi^airliystcbsetAlzheimers(早老性痴呆症).”Theythink,"
Ireallyneedtogetmorethanfourhoursofsleep.-year-oldsThoes7rvethesesameeventsandworryabout
theirbrainhealth.Thisistosaythateveryerrorofshort-termmemorydoesn'
tnecessarilyindicateabiological
disorder.
Sohowdoweaccountforoursubjectiveexperieneethatolderadultsseemtosearchforwordsandnameswithdifficulty?
First,thereisageneralizedcognitive(认知的)slowingwithage—butgivenalittlemoretime,
olderadultsperformjustfine.Second,olderadultshavetosearchthroughmorememoriesthanyoungeradultstofindthefactorpieceofinformationthey'
ileokingfor.Yourbrainbecomescrowdedwithmemoriesandinformation.It'
snotthatyoucan'
tremember—youcan—it'
sjustthatthereissomuchmoreinforma
through.
【参考答案】Theauthorthinksthatshort-termmemoryfailure,whichbotholdandyoungsufferfrom,isn'
tnecessarilyage-related,thoughdifferentagegroupsfinddifferentreasonsforit.Theoldseemtohaveapoorershort-termmemorybecauseofnaturalcognitiveslowingandtoomuchinformationtosearchfor.(47words)
【难度】偏难
2、2020普陀二模
FirstOffer:
TakeItorKeepWaiting
Anyonewhohassearchedforajobfreshoutofcollegeknowshowdifficultitistogetthatfirstjob.Andifyou'
reverylucky,eventuallythere'
sajobofferonthetable.Shouldyougraspit,orwaitforsomethingbetterto
comealongtheway?
Itdependsonwhetheryouarea“maximizer”ora“satisficer”.Simplyput,satisficersaremoreli
theirjobsearchshortandtakethefirstjoboffer.Maximizersaremorelikelytocontinuesearchinguntilabetterjoboffercomesalong.Whichtypeofapproachyieldsthebetterpayoff?
Amaximizer.Specifically,quotingtheresultsofastudyofthejobsearchof548membersofaschool,themaximizersputthemselvesthroughmoredifficultiesinthejobhunt.Theyappliedtotwentyjobs,onaverage,whilesatisficersappliedtoonlyten,andtheyweresignificantlymorelikelytomakeuseofoutsidesourcesofinformationandsupport.Butitturnedouttobeworthit:
thejobofferstheygotweresignificantlybetter,intermsofsalary,thanwhatthesatisficersgot.
Satisficerswereofferedjobswithanaveragestartingsalaryof$37,085;
theaveragestartingsalaryofferedtomaximizerswas$44,515,morethan20percenthigher.Thetroubleis,however,thathigherpay
doesn'
tmakemaximizersahappiergroupthansatisficers.Infact,maximizersweresignificantlymorelikely
thansatisficerstobeunhappywiththeofferstheyaccepted.
Evidently,beingamaximizercanhelpyouearnmoreincome,butthatincomedoesn'
tbuymor
asthemaximizer'
slikelytoworryabouttheprospectofabetterjobofferoutthereheorshemissed.Maximizersmayhaveobjectivelysuperioroutcomes,butthey'
resobusyobsessingaboutallthethingsthattheycouldhav
had,sotheytendtobelesshappywiththeoutcomestheydoget.
【参考答案】Facingthefirstjoboffer,satisficersprobablygraspitwhilemaximizerswilllikelykeepwaitingfor
abetterone.Havingsubmittedmoreapplicationsthanthesatisficer,maximizersaremorelikelytohavebetterpayoff.However,despitethehighersalary,maximizersaremoreworriedabouttheotherworkingopportunitiestheymissed,sotheyarelesshappythansatisficers.(57words)
【难度】中等偏难
3、2020徐汇二模
TeachingChildrenaboutForgiveness
Ifyou'
veeenyourchildrenstruggletoforgivesomeoneforhurtingthem,youknowthatforgivenessiscomplicated.Afterall,forgivenessiscomplicatedforadults,too.Attimes,wewonderwhywe'
someone
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