届高考英语二轮专题复习学案专题三 阅读理解之科技类Word下载.docx
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届高考英语二轮专题复习学案专题三 阅读理解之科技类Word下载.docx
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D)
Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.
“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)”,saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”
Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystems(M/NEMS).Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.
“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,”hesaid,“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”
Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半导体).Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.
“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶体结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”
TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.
【文章大意】本篇为科普短文,介绍由美国密苏里大学研究者所开发的核能电池的情况。
71.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?
A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.
B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.
C.Heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.
D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.
72.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.
A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyused.
C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.
73.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.
A.getridoftheradioactivewaste
B.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.
C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructure.
74.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery_______.
A.usesasolidsemiconductor
B.willsoonreplacethepresentones.
C.couldbeextremelythin
D.haspassedthefinaltest.
75.Thetextismostprobablya________.
A.sciencenewsreport
B.bookreview
C.newspaperad
D.sciencefictionstory
【答案解析】
71.【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
根据第一段的UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient及第三段的叙述可知,Kwon在研究一种核能电池,所以C项正确。
72.【解析】选B。
根据文章第四段可知Kwon举例的目的是为了说明核能电池是安全性。
73.【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶体结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor,”及“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”可知,通过使用液态半导体材料,可减少对晶体结构的破坏。
74.【解析】选C。
根据Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair可知C项正确。
75.【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
本文讲述了Kwon的原子能电池的有关情况,文章体裁应属于科普文章,所以A项正确。
【跟踪演练】
1、(2019·
安徽省巢湖市高三第一次教学质量检测)
ScientistshavefoundthathumaneyesaremorelikelytobedamagedbyUVrays(紫外线)whileskiinginthesnow-coveredareasthansittingonthebeach,accordingtoareportbytheUKnewspaperTheTelegraph.
TheresearchersatKanazawaMedicalUniversity,JapanandAmericancompanyJohnson
Johnsonconductedthestudytogether.Theylookedattheeffectsoflightreflectiononnewlyfallensnowonaskitrail(aroughpath)inIshikawaDistrict,northernJapan.TheycomparedtheresultswiththelevelsofUVraysonasandbeachinsouthernJapan'
sOkinawaDistrict.
Theyfoundthatonthebeach,eyesareexposedtoadaily260kilojoules(千焦耳)ofUVasquaremetercomparedto658kilojoulesinsnow-coveredareas.
ThefindingsaresupportedbytheJapanMeteorologicalAgency.Accordingtotheagen-cy,thereflectionrateofUVlightonbeachesisoftenbetween10and25percent,comparedto80percentinthenewsnowareas.Theamountoflightincreased4percentwitha300-meterriseinheight.
MostofusknowthatUVrayscanharmtheskin.That'
swhywewearsunscreenonourskinbeforewegetoutinthesun.ButmanyofusmaynotrealizethatUVraysarealsoharmfultotheeyes.
IfyoureyesareexposedtolargeamountsofUVradiationoverashortperiodoftime,youmayexpe
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