刘炳善 英国文学史课件part1to8Word文档下载推荐.docx
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刘炳善 英国文学史课件part1to8Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Twodivisions:
paganandChristian
1.Thepaganlitrefersthesongs,legendswhichtheASbroughtfromtheiroriginalhome.
2.TheChristianlitreferstopoemsorprosewritingsdevelopedaftertheconversion,undertheteachingofthemonks;
theymainlydealwithreligioussubjects,storiesbasedontheBible.
Beowulf
1.Theuseofalliteration,compoundwords,understatement,metaphor
2.ItisthenationalepicofAnglo-Saxons
3.Itispasseddownorallyfromgenerationtogenerationuntilthe10thcenturywhenitwaswrittendowninoldEnglish.
4.ItisregardedasthenationalepicoftheAngloSaxonpeople.ItiswritteninOldEnglish,part-historical,part-legendary.Itisalongnarrativepoemonthethemeofarmsandman,mixingwithpaganelementsandChristiancoloring.
ArtisticfeatureinBeowulf
1.Theuseofalliteration,wordsbeginningwiththesameconsonantsalliteratewitheachotherwithineachline,orawordbeginningwithavowelalliterateswithanotherwordbeginningwiththesameoranothervowel.e.g.
a.ThusmadetheirmourningthemenofGeatland,
b.Fortheirhero’spassing,hisheath-companion
c.Quoththatofallthekingsofearth,
e.Ofmenhewasthemildestandmostbeloved
f.Tohiskinthekindest,keenesttopraise
2.Theuseofindirectmetaphor(kennings)
e.g.sea:
swan-road,whale-pathorsea-bath
Ship--wave-traveler
Soldier:
shield-bearer,battle-hero,spear-fighter
Fights:
sword-clashing,edge-clash
Armor:
ring-mail,limb-sark,breast-net
3.theuseofunderstatement(低调,轻描淡写地陈述):
anegativeexpressionusuallyintheformofanunderstatementcreating
a.Nottroublesome,forverywelcome
b.Neednotpraise,forarighttocondemn
4.Parallelandantithesis
5.Episodesanddigression
MiddleEnglishliterature
AlliterativeandmetricalRomancesconstitutethebulkoftheliteraryworks
Romance—themostpopularliteraryformintheMiddleAgesinEurope;
Atale(inverseorprose)thatdealswithknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeedsorsupernaturaloramoroussubjects,andusuallyemphasizesthechivalriclove.
Characteristicsofromance:
1)Mysterious,fantasies,romanticlove,andstandardizedcharacterization;
2)Loosestructure,simpleandstraightforwardlanguage;
3)Setinidealizedworlds,containingunlikelyorsupernaturalhappenings,reflectingachivalricage.
4)MostoftheEnglishRomancesofthetimeweremetrical.MeterandrhymehavingbeenadoptedfromFrenchpoetrytotaketheplaceofalliterationinASpoetry.
Chivalry:
Qualitiesidealizedbyknighthood,suchasbravery,courtesy,honor,andgallantrytowardwomen.
SirGawainandtheGreenknight
Artisticfeatures
1.Theuseofalliteration.ItisanalliterativeRomanceaboutKingArthurandhisroundtableknight.Eachfitconsistsof2parts,thefirstpartcontainsalliterativelonglinesofmorethan10andthesecondpartcontainsbob(twoorthreesyllables)andfourrhymedwheel.Thiskindofspecialfitmakesthenarrativerhythmchangeableandvariable;
itcombinesthestrongalliterationwithmusicalrhymesoastocometotheeffectofmusicalmelody.
2.Imagesandfigurescontainmysteriousmeaningandcolorandforegroundthethemeofthispoem.
Fivestarpicture-fivesymbols,fivesenses,fivefingers,fivewounds.Threedaysincastle,threeseductions,threetest
PiersthePlowman
AlongpoembyWilliamLangland
Artisticfeatures:
1.Firstitiswrittenintheformofdreamvisions,
2.Seconditisanallegorywhichusessymbolismtorelatetruth;
3.Third,itisarealisticpictureofmedievalEngland.
Allegory:
isafictionalnarrativeorartisticexpressionthatconveysasymbolicmeaningparalleltobutdistinctfromandmoreimportantthantheliterarymeaning.
TheEnglishBallads
Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanza,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.TheEnglishandScottishpopularballadsflourishedinthe15thcentury.
Featuresofballads:
1.four-linestanza.2.1/3lines4stresses
3.2/4lines3stresses.4.Iambic(抑扬格)
5.Abruptbeginning.6.Dramaticelements
7.Toldthroughdialoguesandactions
GeoffreyChaucer(1340?
---1400)
Mainworks
HouseofFame(plot,1379)TheParliamentofFowls(1382)TroilusandCriseyde(1385)TheCanterburyTales
HismasterpieceTheCanterburytalescontainsageneralprologueand24tales,unfinishedattheauthor'ssuddendeath
Thetotaleffectofthepoem:
ageneralpictureofsocialrealityofpoet'sda
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