最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析Word下载.docx
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最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析Word下载.docx
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spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitflytoliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhatbulbsburnlonger,thatthereisaninnotbeingtooterrificallybright.
Intelligence,itout,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslowthestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'
veapparentlylearnediswhento.
Isthereanadaptivevaluetointelligence?
That'
sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglanceatallthespecieswe'
veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhattherealofourownintelligencemightbe.ThisisthemindofeveryanimalI'
veevermet.
Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswouldonhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethatanimalsranthelabs,theywouldtestustothelimitsofour
8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think
9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different
10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward
11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs
12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across
13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply
14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance
15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest
16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach
17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with
18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise
19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile
20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."
Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"
WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"
habit"
carriesanegativeconnotation.
Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.
Butdon'
tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;
oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they'
retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.
"
Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,"
saysDawnaMarkova,authorof"
TheOpenMind"
andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners."
Butwearetaughtinsteadto'
decide,'
justasourpresidentcallshimself'
theDecider.'
Sheadds,however,that"
todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities."
Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'
reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:
analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.
Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought."
ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,"
explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2022book"
ThisYearIWill..."
andMs.Markova'
sbusinesspartner."
That'
saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'
regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence."
Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.
21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing________.
A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable
22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe________
A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided
23."
ruts"
(inlineone,p
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