表语从句详解资料Word格式文档下载.docx
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表语从句详解资料Word格式文档下载.docx
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tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.
引导表语从句的词:
从属连词that、whether、asthough、asif(That引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可以省略.)
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等;
关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等.
由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句.
that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、是否.这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),trouble(麻烦),problem(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等.表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化.例如:
Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱.
Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋.
Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了.
Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣.
由关系代词引导的表语从句.
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略.例如:
Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去.
Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作.
That'
swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事.That'
swhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的.
由关系副词引导的表语从句.
关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间,地点,方式或原因状语,本身具有词义.例如:
Goandgetyourcoat.It'
swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方.
Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣,这是我们淋湿的原因.
Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的.
Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所担心的.
由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句.
Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了.
sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事.
Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案.
注意
A.表语从句一定要用陈述语序.
False:
Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B.不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外).引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether.引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whether.
Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:
Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C.不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致.
ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
D.that在表语从句中不可以省掉.
基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词.名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句
例如:
Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.
问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西.(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)
ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的.(what在表语从句中充当宾语)
WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本.(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)
ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的.(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因.(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)
What
I
told
him
was
that
would
find
a
good
play.
我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本.(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)
That
is
what
want
to
tell
you.那就是我想要对你讲的.(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
why
she
failed
pass
the
exam.
那就是她考试不及格的原因.(why
在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意
why...是常用句型,意为这就是„„的原因/因此„„,其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,又如:
you
see
this
old
woman
before
know,
Jeanne.
珍妮,这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因.(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括).
came.
这就是我来的原因.
下面是两个与That
why...形式相似的结构,它们与That
why...结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:
(1)That
why...与That
reason
why...同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,That
why...中why引导的是—个定语从句,将其中的the
reason去掉则与That
why...结构一样,例如:
(the
reason)
cannot
agree.
这就是我不能同意的理由.
(2)That
because...句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为这就是为什么„„/因为„„.That
because...与That
why...之间的不同在于That
because...指原因或理由,That
why...则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如:
He
did
not
film
last
night.
because
he
had
help
his
little
sister
with
her
homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业.(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)
seen
before.
it
night.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看.(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)
表语从句与宾语从句的关系
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句.其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同.故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,充当表语的句子叫表语从句.
宾语从句
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序:
从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,
即主语
+
谓语这种形式.
②时态:
当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,
从句可以是任何时态,
而当主句是一般过去时的时候,
从句,
从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,
即(一般过去时,
过去进行时,
过去完成时,
过去将来时).
③连接词:
当从句意思完整,
主句意思肯定时,
连接词用that,
且可以省去,
主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,
常用if或whether(是否),
当从句意思不完整时,
连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词.
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面.表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同.也是名词性从句的一种.
如:
police
know
when
entered
red
room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.
The
trouble
we
are
short
of
funds困难是我们缺乏资金.
This
should
do这是我们应当做的.
注意:
从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语序.
as
if,
though,
because也可用来引导表语从句.
She
seems
if
done
great
thing她看起来好像做了一件大事.It
eat
too
much是因为你吃得太多了.
单项选择
1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether
2.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof
3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere
4.Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTed
A.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget
5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填
6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what
7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what
8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger. A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough
9.—Ifellsick!
--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because
10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.
A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingill
C.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill
11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
13._______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.
A.What;
howareyouB.That;
howyouareC.How;
thatyouareD.What;
howyouare
14.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat
15.Americawas__________wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus.
A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere
16.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.
A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe
17.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what
18.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
19—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
20.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.
A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show
21.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?
Thatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
22.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
---Oh,that’s_____.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
23.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
句子翻译
1.这就是我想做的
___________________________________________________________________________________
2.这房子正是他最需要的东西.
_________________________________________________________________________
3.这就是Henry
怎样解决问题的
________________________________________________________________________
4.问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务
_______________________________________________________________________
5.今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的
________________________________________________________________
6.他迟到的原因是交通拥堵.
_____________________________________________________________________________
7.事实是他对我撒谎了.__________________________________________________________________________________
8.
You
saying
everyone
be
equal,
and
_____________________________________________
.
(disagree)
你一直说每个人应该是平等的这就是我不同意之处.
9.Your
coat
still
_______________________________________________
(where)
你的外套仍然在你放的地方.
10.I
neither
raincoat
nor
an
umbrella.
_________________________________________
through.
(get)
我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞.这就是为什么我全身被淋湿的原因.
11.
It
sounds
____________________________________________________
door.(as
if)
听起来好像某人正在敲门.
12.
______________________________
interested
in
Henry.
(become)
好像伦敦所有人都变得对亨瑞感兴趣.
13.The
time
fun
_____________________________________________________
Water
Park.(visit)
上一次我们玩得很开心的时候是我们正在参观水族公园的时候.
that/what的区别
1._______your
father
wants
is________
getting
on
your
studies.
A.
What;
how
B.
That;
C.
How;
D.
What;
is__________we
tools.
America
__________was
first
called
India
by
Columbus.
where
place
there
China
becoming
stronger
stronger.
no
longer_________
used
being
5
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