非谓语动词语法讲解及练习Word文档格式.docx
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非谓语动词语法讲解及练习Word文档格式.docx
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多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语。
定语
Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。
Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
置于所修饰词之前。
注意:
英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。
我们初中阶段常见的有:
finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem(in),spend...(in),feellike,beusedto(习惯于),giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'
thelp。
我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)
继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'
thelp,feellike)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
(二)动词不定式
1、动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为:
to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
2、动词不定式的句法功能
TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
宾语
—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?
他喜欢做什么运动?
—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
Haveyougotanythingtosay?
你有要说的吗?
不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'
msorrytotroubleyou.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表目的)
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为:
It+be+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+动词不定式
如:
TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.
It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.
注意:
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
It'
sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。
sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2.不定式作宾语
1有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。
Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?
你今晚想去看电影吗?
②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Whynotdo...,Whydon'
tyoudo...,hadbetter(not)do...,wouldratherdo,
could/would/willyouplease(not)do...
Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。
3.不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。
tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。
但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4.不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。
它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。
5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。
Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。
Hedidn'
tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。
例题
()1.Tom'
smothertoldhim_______eatingtoomuchmeat.
A:
stoppingB:
tostopC:
stopsD:
stopped
()2.Wedon'
tknow________itnext.Let'
sgoandaskMr.Li.
whattodoB:
todowhatC:
whethertodoD:
todowhether
()3.Howkindyouare!
Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_______me.
helpB:
helpingC:
tohelpD:
helps
()4Driversshouldn'
tbeallowed________afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.
driveB:
drivingC:
todrive
()5.WaterParkisagoodplace________.
tohavefunB:
havefunC:
havingfunD:
tohaveafun
()6.Taketimetorelaxbylisteningtomusic,readingabookorjustspendingsometimealone.Relaxingallowsyou_______toyourstudieswithmoreenergy.
returnB:
toreturnC:
returning
()7.Nick,wouldyoumind________thoseoldjeans?
Theylookterrible.
nottowearB:
notwearC:
wearingnotD:
notwearing
()8.—_______avolunteerisgreat.
—Ithinkso.Someofuswant_______volunteersfortheLondonOlympics.
Being;
beingB:
Tobe;
beingC:
tobeD:
tobe
()9.—Don'
tforget______yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.
—Thanks.Iwon'
t.
bringB:
tobringC:
bringing
()10.—Whatabout_______arest?
—OK.Let'
sgooutandhaveawalk.
totakeB:
takesC:
taking
()11.—Ilikethissetofsofasomuch,butIdon'
tknow______itinmysmallhouse.
—You'
resupposedtoputitinthelivingroom.
wheretoputB:
whytoputC:
howtoput
()12.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystopped______andlayontheground,soweallstopped_______whatwaswrongwithhim.
torun;
toseeB:
running;
seeingC:
tosee
()13.MayIhavearest?
Ihavealreadyfinished______thereport.
writeB:
writingC:
towriteD:
written
()14.—Ifeelabithungrynow.
—Whynot_______fordinnerwithus?
goB:
didyougoC:
togoD:
doyougo
练习
()1.Grannyoftentellsus________waterinourdailylife.
saveB:
savingC:
tosaveD:
saves
()2.Richardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished________theemail.
towriteC:
writingD:
wrote
()3.—WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotherontheInternet.
—Really?
Willyoupleaseshowme______it?
howtouseB:
whattouseC:
howcanIuseD:
whatcanIuse
()4.—Where'
syourbrothernow,Bob?
—Isawhim________inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim_______.
playing;
don'
tdosoB:
nottodosoC:
play;
todoso
()5.Asteenagers,we'
reoldenough_______withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.
tohelpB:
helped
()6.Nancyisreallyahard-workingstudent.Weoftenseeher_______booksintheclassroom.
readB:
toreadC:
reads
()7Mrs.Smithmadeherstudents_______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.
writtenD:
writing
()8.Tomoftenmakeshissister,butyesterdayhewasmadebyhissister.
A:
cry;
tocryB:
tocry;
cryC:
cry;
cryD:
tocry
()9.You'
dbetter_______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
don'
tspendB:
nottospendC:
tonotspendD:
notspend
()10.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething_______theold.
servedB:
toserveC:
serveD:
serves
()11.Whynot_______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English?
A.tojoin;
tospeakB.join;
speakingC.join;
tospeakD.tojoin;
speaking
()12.Whenwecametothegate,hestopped_________megoinfirst.
A.toletB.totellC.toallowD.toask
()13.Shesawsomeboys_________soccerontheplaygroundwhenshewasonthewaytotheclassroom.
A.playedB.toplayC.playing
()14.—Howaboutgoingshoppingthisweekend,Peter?
—Sorry,Iprefer_________ratherthan_________.
A.tostayathome;
gooutB.togoout;
stayathome
C.stayingathome;
gooutD.Goingout;
()15.It'
sagoodhabit_________everyday.
A.tokeepdoingexerciseB.tostayuplateC.tomakemuchnoiseD.totoomuch
()16.—It'
shot.Wouldyoumindmy_________thewindow.
—__________.Doitasyoulike,please!
A.toopen;
OKB.opening;
CertainlynotC.closing;
OfcourseD.Open;
Goodidea
()17.Whodoyouthinkyou'
dlike_________withyou,aboyoragirl?
A.tolettogoB.lettingtogoC.toletgoD.letgo
()18.Thehousewassodirty.Theydecided_________.
A.cleanitupB.tocleanitupC.cleanupitD.cleaningup
()19.Iheardsomeone_______thedoorand.
A.open;
comeinB.toopen;
tocomeinC.open;
comeintoD.toopen;
tocomeinto
()20.Thegirlwasheard_________thepianointhenextroom.
A.playsB.toplayC.playedD.play
I.选择填空。
()1.Itisnoteasy_______maths.
A.learnsB.learnC.tolearnD.learned
()2.Itisverynice_______youto_______meaboutit.
A.for,tellB.of,sayC.to,speakD.of,tell
()3.It’stoolate.It’simpossible_______therebynine.
A.ofhimtogetB.forhimtogetC.himtogetD.forhimgetting
()4.Johnknows______acomputer.
A.howtouseB.howuseC.howusesD.howtousing
()5.Ourteachertoldus______.
A.carefulB.becarefulC.tobecarefulD.tobecarefully
()6.Heaskedme_______leavehimalonehere.
A.don’tB.nottoC.notD.doesn’t
()7.Ihavealotofthings______thisweekend.A.doB.didC.doingD.todo
()8.Thereisachair_______.A.tositB.sittingonC.tositonD.sitin
()9.Thequestioniseasy_______.
A.answeringB.answerC.toanswerD.answered
()10.Mybrotherisnotstrongenough_______thebigtree.
A.carriesB.carriedC.tocarryD.going
()11.Heistooyoung______toschool.
A.togoB.nottogoC.tosayingD.didn’tsay
()12.Wemadeafire______warmourselvesup.
A.inorderB.toC.soasD.sothat
()13.Mywishis______adoctor.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.been
()14.Comeon!
Please_______run!
A.getreadyforB.gotreadyforC.getreadytoD.gotreadyto
()15.Ourteacherletus______thecompositioneveryotherline.
A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.written
()16.Youhadbetter______heretohelpus.
A.stayB.stayingC.tostayD.stayed
()17.Ihavefinished______thenovel.
A.readB.toreadC.readingD.beingread
()18.______onthemoonisnoteasy.
A.WalkB.WalkedC.DoingwalkingD.Walking
()19.Pleaseremember______yourbooknextweek.
A.tobringB.bringingC.broughtD.bring
()20.Iremember______yousomewherebefore.
A.toseeB.seeingC.seenD.saw
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