大学四级181文档格式.docx
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大学四级181文档格式.docx
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[1]Nowadaysmanypeoplelikeraisingpets,suchasdogs,cats,birds,etc.[2]Actually,itisgoodtokeeppetsbecausepetscanplaywiththeyoungandaccompanytheold.[3]Researchalsoshowsthatlivingwithapethelpstosoothepeople'
spressureanddistressandevendecreasesthepossibilityofgettingheartdiseases.
[4]However,manyareagainstlivingtogetherwithanimals.Theyarguethatpetsareeasilyinfectedbydiseases,[5]whichmaypassontohumans.[6]What'
smore,theunpleasantsmellandwastecausedbypetsarearesourceofenvironmentalpollution.
[7]Inmyopinion,keepingpetsbringsjoytoourlife.[8]Buttoavoidpotentialrisksandtroubles,wehavetomakesurethatourpetsareproperlyvaccinatedandtheirbehaviorsareundercontrol.
[1]提出社会现象,对应提纲中的第1点。
raise和keep同义,使说法多样化。
[2]指出养宠物的益处。
accompany“陪伴”是亮点词汇。
注意theyoung,theold这样的地道表达。
[3]用研究结果说明养宠物的其他益处,增强了说服力。
soothe是亮点词汇,表示缓解(压力),抚平(创伤)等义。
[4]用However转折至弊端,逻辑清晰。
这句话是该段的中心句。
[5]用which引导的定语从句是亮点。
passontosb.“传给某人”。
[6]What'
smore继续补充说明。
[7]用Inmyopinion指出自己的观点。
[8]结合上文提出建议。
vaccinate“预防接种”,beundercontrol“可控”。
[写作指南]
这篇作文属于说明性作文,考生只需要将提纲中要求的内容组织起来便可。
第1段提出很多人喜欢养宠物这种现象。
第2段分析利弊,根据作文的标题可知此段是重点内容。
养宠物的益处可以从很多方面说(比如消除孤独感、丰富日常生活、获得快乐等),弊端可以从养宠物减少了人与人之间的交流机会、可能使人被传染疾病、可能导致空气异味等方面来说。
第3段总结全文,并针对上文提到的弊端,简要提出自己的建议。
二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning){{/B}}(总题数:
70.00)
HavingKidsMakesYouHappy?
WhenIwasgrowingup,ourformerneighbors,whomwe'
llcalltheSloans,weretheonlycoupleontheblockwithoutkids.Itwasn'
tthattheycouldn'
thavechildren;
accordingtoMr.Sloan,theyjustchosenotto.Alltheotherparents,includingmine,thoughtitwasodd-eventragic.SoanybadluckthathappenedtotheSloans--theeggingoftheirhouseoneHalloween;
thelandslide(山崩)thatsenttheirpoolcareeringtothestreetbelow-wassomehowattributedtothatfatefuldecisionthey'
dmadesomanyyearsbefore."
Well,"
theotheradultswouldsay,"
youknowtheyneverdidhavekids."
EachtimeIvisitedtheSloans,I'
dsearchforsignsofinsanity,miseryorevenregretintheirsupercleanhome,yetIneverseemedtofindany.FromwhatIcouldtell,theSloanswerehappy,maybeevenhappierthanmyparents,despitethefactthattheywerechildless.
Myimpressionsmayhavebeenswayedbythefactthattheircandydishwasalwaysfull,butseveralstudiesnowshowthattheSloanscouldwellhavebeenmoresatisfiedthanmostofthetraditionalfamiliesaroundthem.InDanielGilbert'
s2006bookStumblingonHappiness,theHarvardprofessorofpsychologylooksatseveralstudiesandconcludesthatmaritalsatisfactiondecreasesdramaticallyafterthebirthofthefirstchild--andincreasesonlywhenthelastchildhaslefthome.Healsofindsoutthatparentsarehappiergroceryshoppingandevensleepingthanspendingtimewiththeirkids.Otherdatacitedby2008'
sGrossNationalHappinessauthor,ArthurC.Brooks,findsthatparentsareabout7percentagepointslesslikelytoreportbeinghappythanthechildless.
Themostrecentcomprehensivestudyontheemotionalstateofthosewithkidsshowsusthattheterm"
bundleofjoy"
maynotbethemostaccuratewaytodescribeouroffspring."
Parentsexperiencelowerlevelsofemotionalwell-being,lessfrequentpositiveemotionsandmorefrequentnegativeemotionsthantheirchildlesspeers,"
saysFloridaStateUniversity'
sRobinSimon."
Infact,nogroupofparents--married,single,steporevenempty-nest-reportedsignificantlygreateremotionalwell-beingthanpeoplewhoneverhadchildren.It'
ssuchanunexpectedfindingbecausewehavetheseculturalbeliefsthatchildrenarethekeytohappinessandahealthylife,andthey'
renot."
Simonreceivedplentyofhatemailinresponsetoherresearch,whichisn'
tsurprising.Herfindingsshaketheveryfoundationofwhatwe'
vebeenraisedtobelieveistrue.InarecentNewsweekPoll,50percentofAmericanssaidthataddingnewchildrentothefamilytendstoincreasehappinesslevels.Onlyoneinsix(16percent)saidthataddingnewchildrenhadanegativeeffectontheparents'
happiness.Butwhichparentiswillingtoadmitthatthegreatestgiftlifehastoofferhasinfactmadehisorherlifelessenjoyable?
Parentsmayopenlycomplaintheirlackofsleep,busyschedulesanddifficultyindealingwiththeirbad-temperedteens,butrarelywilltheycoptofeelingdepressedduetotheeverydayrigorsofchildrearing."
'
Ifyouadmitthatkidsandparenthoodaren'
tmakingyouhappy,it'
sbasicallyblasphemy(亵读),"
saysJenSinger,astay-at-homemotheroftwofromNewJerseywhorunsthepopularparentingblogMommaS."
Frombaby-creamcommercialsthatmakemotherhoodlookhappyandwellrested,tocommercialsforDisneyWorldwhereyou'
resupposedtofeellikeakidbecauseyou'
retherewithyourkids,we'
vemadeparenthoodouttobeoneextremelyhappymomentafteranother,andit'
sdisappointingwhenyoufindoutit'
snot."
IsitpossiblethatAmericanparentshavealwaysbeenthisdisillusioned?
Anecdotal(轶事的)evidencesaysno.Inpre-industrialAmerica,parentscertainlylovedtheirchildren,buttheiroffspringalsoservedapurpose--toworkthefarm,contributetothehousehold.Childrenwereanecessity.Today,wehavekidsmoreforemotionalreasons,butanincreasinglycomplicatedworkandsocialenvironmenthasmadefindingsatisfactionfarmoredifficult.AkeystudybyUniversityofWisconsin-Madison'
sSaraMcLanahanandJuliaAdams,conductedsome20yearsago,foundthatparenthoodwasperceivedassignificantlymorestressfulinthe1970sthaninthe1950s;
theresearchersattributepartofthatchangetomajorshiftsinemploymentpatterns.ThemajorityofAmericanparentsnowworkoutsidethehome,havelesssupportfromextendedfamilyandfaceaworseningeducationandhealth-caresystem,soraisingchildrenhasnotonlybecomemorecomplicated--ithasbecomemoreexpensive.TodaytheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthatitcostsanywherefrom$134,370to$237,520toraiseachildfrombirthtotheageof17--andthat'
snotcountingschoolorcollegetuition.Nowonderparentsarefeelingalittleblue.
Societalillsaside,perhapswealsoexpecttoomuchfromthepromiseofparenting.TheNationalMarriageProject'
s2006"
StateofOurUnions"
reportsaysthatparentshavesignificantlylowermaritalsatisfactionthannon-parentsbecausetheyexperiencedmoresingleandchild-freeyearsthanpreviousgenerations.Twenty-fiveyearsago,womenmarriedaroundtheageof20,andmenat23.Todaybothsexesaremarryingfourtofiveyearslater.Thismeanstheexperienceofraisingkidsisnowcompetingwithhighsinaparent'
spast,likecareerwinsoraearefreesociallife.Sendingbad-temperedkidstoschoolordashingtoworkwithspit-uponyourfavoritesweaterdoesn'
tturnouttoberomantic.
Forthechildless,allthisresearchmustcertainlyfeelredeeming(弥补的).Asforthoseofuswithkids,well,thenewsisn'
tallbad.Parentsstillreportfeelingagreatersenseofpurposeandmeaningintheirlivesthanthosewho'
veneverhadkids.Andthereareotherrewardingaspectsofparentingthatareimpossibletoquantify.Forexample,IneverthoughtitpossibletolovesomeoneasdeeplyasIlovemyson.AsfortheSloans,it'
shardtosaywhethertheyhadalessmeaningfulexistencethanmyparents,orifmyparentswere7percentlesshappythantheSloans.Perhapsitjustcomesdowntohowyouseethecandydish--halfemptyorhalffull.Oratleastasaparent,that'
swhatI'
llkeeptellingmyself.
(1).WhyweretheSloanschildless?
7.00)
A.Theycouldn'
taffordtobringupachild.
B.Theydecidednottohaveachild.
√
C.Theywereinfertile.
D.Lotsofbadluckhappenedtothem.
[解析]该段第2句表明并不是他们不能生孩子,而是他们选择不生(chosenotto),B是对原文的正确理解,选B。
该句同时否定了C(infertile“不育的”);
A无原文依据;
D是利用原词badluck进行干扰,与题意不符。
(2).WhatdidtheauthorexpecttofindintheSloans'
home?
A.Signsshowingtheyweremiserable.
B.Satisfactionofbeingchildless.
C.Candydishthatwasalwaysfull.
D.Asupercleanhome.
[解析]该句提到作者每次去Slonas家都想找到他们疯狂、痛苦或者哪怕是后悔的迹象,A“显示他们痛苦的迹象”属于其中之一,故选A。
B、C、D均是利用原词进行干扰,与题意不符。
(3).AccordingtoDanielGilbert,afterthelastchildhaslefthome,______.(分数:
A.parentstendtobehappier
B.parents'
satisfactionislikelytodecrease
C.parentsareashappyastheyhadtheirfirstchild
D.parentsaremoreeagertospendtimewiththeirkids
[解析]该句提到当最后一个孩子离开家里时,父母对婚姻的满意度才会增加。
满意度增加也就意味着“更幸福”,故选A。
B与原文意思相反;
生第一个孩子时,父母对婚姻的满意度是下降的(decreases),故C不对;
D属于随意捏造,无原文支持。
(4).Whatareourculturalbeliefs?
A.Singleparentisgenerallylesshappy.
B.Couplesareunhappywithkids.
C.It'
satraditionforcouplestohavekids.
D.Havingkidsmakesparentshappy.
[解析]该句表明人们通常相信孩子是幸福和健康生活的关键,D的意思与原文相近,故选D。
C提到“夫妻要孩子是一种传统”只是可能存在的常理,非题干所问,注意排除这个干扰项。
(5).AccordingtotheNewsweekPoll,______.(分数:
A.RobinSimon'
sfindingwastoosurprisingtobelieve
B.noparentsadmittedhavingachildmadetheirlifelessenjoyable
C.halfAmericansagreedaddingachildhasapositiveeffectonhappinesslevels
D.16%ofAmericanssaidhavingachildwasharmfultoparents'
relationship
[解析]该句提到一半的美国人认为家里添新丁会增加幸福度,C的hasapositiveeffecton是对原文tendstoincrease的同义改写,故选C。
D是强干扰项,原文说有16%的美国人认为添新丁会对父母的幸福(parents'
happiness)产生消极影响,而不是parents'
relationship,据此可排除D。
(6).Thebaby-creamcommercialsistakenasanexampletoshow______.(分数:
A.mothers'
needtorest
B.enjoyableparenthood
C.happym
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