高考英语一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature单元检测新人教版选修Word文档格式.docx
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高考英语一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature单元检测新人教版选修Word文档格式.docx
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sphysical,mental,orbecausenaturaldisastersexposepeopletodangerbybringinguporthreateningtheirimmediateenvironment,effectivemanagementofenvironmentalhealthafteranaturaldisasterisofgreatimportance.
Theenvironmentalhealthmeasuresthatmustbeconsideredafteranaturaldisasterincludethesupplyofappropriateshelterforindividualsorgroupsofpeoplelefthomeless,thedistribution(分配)ofsafeandaccessiblewater,andtheprotectionanddistributionofsafefoodproductsandsoon.
Toeffectivelymanageenvironmentalhealthduringandafteradisaster,itisimportantthatastateofpreparationisineffectbeforetheeventactuallyoccurs.Duringanemergency,successlargelydependsonmakinggood,rapidjudgmentandappropriateresponsemeasures.High-leveldecisionmakers,therefore,mustbefamiliarwithsoundmeasuresbeforehandandshouldbegivenanaccuratejudgmentofthedisaster'
sspecificeffectsasquicklyaspossible.
Thisbookisintendedtoserveasaguideforthosewhomaybecalledupontomakeemergencydecisionsafterdisasterstrikes.Theremendedenvironmentalhealthmeasureshavebeenlistedintheorderof
priority
inwhichtheyshouldbetakenduringanemergency.However,eachnaturaldisasterisuniqueinthedegreeortypeofemergency.Inresponsetoanygivendisaster,decisionmakersmayfinditnecessarytochangethepriorityassignedtoanyparticularmeasure.
1.Whyisitsignificanttotakeeffectivemeasuresafteranaturaldisaster?
A.Victimsmaybeindangerwithoutimmediatecontrols.
B.Victimsmaybeattheriskoflosingtheirproperties.
C.Victimsmaybeexposedtopoisonousorradioactiveminerals.
D.Victimsmaybethreatenedbyenvironmentalhealthproblems.
2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?
A.Goodpreparationsbeforehandarevital.
B.Rapidjudgmentisquitebeneficial.
C.Effectivemeasuressoundfamiliar.
D.Slowresponsessoundineffective.
3.Whomisthebookmainlywrittenfor?
A.Aresearcherquiteintoenvironmenthealth.
B.Anorganizertohandledomesticdisastroussituations.
C.Apossibledecision-makertohandleadisasteremergency.
D.Aholidaymakerfondofthetopicofeffectivemanagement.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"priority"inParagraph4?
A.Perfection.B.Preference.
C.Possibility.D.Popularity-
B
Atsunamiisaseriesofoceanwavesthatsendssurges(汹涌)ofwater,sometimesreachingheightsofover100feet,ontoland.Thesewallsofwatercancausewidespreaddestructionwhentheycrashashore.
Thesefear-inspiringwavesaretypicallycausedbylarge,underseaearthquakesatplateboundaries.Whentheoceanfloorataplateboundaryrisesorfallssuddenlyitdisplacesthewateraboveitandlaunchestherollingwavesthatwillbeeatsunami.
Tsunamismayalsobecausedbyunderwaterlandslides(山崩)orvolcaniceruptions.Theymayevenbelaunched,astheyfrequentlywereinEarth’sancientpast,bytheimpactofalargemeteorite(陨石)throwingintoanocean.
Tsunamisraceacrosstheseaatupto500milesanhour—aboutasfastasajetairplane.AtthatpacetheycancrosstheentireexpanseofthePacificOceaninlessthanaday.Andtheirlongwavelengthsmeantheyloseverylittleenergyalongtheway.
Indeepoceans,tsunamiwavesmayappearonlyafootorsohigh.Butastheyapproachshorelineandentershallowerwatertheyslowdownandbegintogrowinenergyandheight.Thetopsofthewavesmovefasterthantheirbottomsdo,whichcausesthemtorisesteeply.
Atsunamiisusuallyposedofaseriesofwaves,calledawavetrain,soitsdestructiveforcemaybeincreasedassuccessivewavesreachtheshore.Peopleexperiencingatsunamishouldrememberthatthedangermaynothavepassedwiththefirstwaveandshouldawaitofficialwordthatitissafetoreturntovulnerablelocations.
Sometsunamisdonotappearontheshoreasmassivebreakingwavesbutinsteadasaquicklysurgingtidethatfloodscoastalareas.
Thebestdefenseagainstanytsunamiisearlywarningthatallowspeopletolookforhigherground.
5.Whichofthefollowingmaynotcauseatsunami?
A.Asuddenbiglandslideunderwater.
B.Anunderwaterearthquake.
C.Theeruptionofanunderwatervolcano.
D.Thefallingofajetplaneintotheocean.
6.Fromthetext,wecanknowthat
.
A.intheancienttimes,thefallenmeteoriteoftencausedatsunami
B.atsunamiwillbeeweakerandweakerasitmoveson
C.onceatsunamibreaksout,itusuallyesoneafteranother
D.atsunamicanalwaysbepredictedaheadoftime
7.Sometimesatsunamisiscalledawavetrainbecause
A.itisaslongasatrainwhenitestotheshore
B.itmovesfasterandfasterlikeatrain
C.ithasmorethanonewavewhenitbreaksout
D.itslowsdownwhenitesneartheshoreline
8.Accordingtothetext,howcanweavoidatsunami?
A.Tobuildasystempredictingitinadvance.
B.Towaitfortheendofthefirstwave.
C.Toescapebyplaneorbytrain.
D.Tokeepawayfromthecoastalareas.
C
Morethanonein10oftheUK’swildlifespeciesisthreatenedwithextinction(灭绝)andthenumberofthenation’smostendangeredcreatureshasfallenbytwo-thirdssince1970.Theabundanceofallwildlifehasalsofallen,withoneinsixanimals,birds,fishandplantshavingbeenlost,aStateofNaturereportfound.
Togetherwithhistoricaldeforestation(毁林)andindustrialization,thesetrendshavelefttheUK"amongthemostnature-exhaustedcountriesintheworld",withmostofthecountryhavinggonepastthestageatwhich"ecosystemsmaynolongerreliablymeetsociety’sneeds".zxx*k
Theprehensivescientificreport,gatheredbymorethan50conservationorganizations,spellsoutthedestructiveimpactofmodernfarmingandclimatechangeonhabitatsfromfarmlandandhillstoriversandthecoast."Thefallinwildlifewasn’tjustallbackin70sand80s,it’sstillhappeningnow,"saidMarkEaton,atRSPBandtheleadauthorofthereport."We’regettingmoreefficientinourfarming.Inawayit’ssomethingtobecelebrated—howgoodourfarmingscienceandtechnologyis,butitdoessqueezenatureout."
Eatonsaidthereweregoodexamplesofwildlifeandhabitatrecovery,butsuchprojectsweretoofewtoturnthetide,withpublicfundingfornature’sdiversityhavingfallenby32%fromxxtoxx."Theabilitytodoitiswithinourgrasp;
it’sjustaboutresourcesandthewillingness.Thenaturalworldisinserioustroubleanditneedsourhelpasneverbefore.Wecontinuetolosethepreciouswildlifethatenrichesourlivesandisessentialtothehealthandwell-beingofthosewholiveintheUK.ButtheStateofNaturexxreportgivesuscauseforhopetoo.Landscapesarebeingrestored,specialplacesdefended,strugglingspeciesbeingsavedandbroughtback.Butweneedtobuildsignificantlyonthisprogressifwe’retoprovideabrightfuturefornatureandforpeople."
Overall,thenewreportfoundthat56%ofspeciesdeclinedbetween1970andxx,and53%betweenxxandxx.Whiletherestofthespecieswereincreasing,we’reseeingalotofdisorder,somespeciesgoingupreallyfastandsomegoingdownequallyfast.Itdoesn’tlooklikeahealthy,naturalsituation.Ifthatcarrieson,youendupwithjust50%left.
9.HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?
A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.
C.Byanalyzingcauses.D.Bymakingparisons.
10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmean?
A.Modernfarmingmustreturntonature.
B.Modernfarmingmakesfulluseofnature.
C.Modernfarmingcanenrichnature’sdiversity.
D.Modernfarmingmaydisturbnature’sbalance.
11.Whatdoesthelastbutoneparagraphmainlysuggest?
A.Endangeredwildlifemustbewellprotected.
B.Peopleshouldunitetofightforabrightfuture.
C.Thesituationisstillseveredespitesomeprogress.
D.Moremoneyisneededforenvironmentalprotection.
12.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.TotelltheBritishhowtosavewildlifespecies.
B.Toexplainwhymorewildlifespeciesfaceextinction.
C.Tostresstheimportanceofprotectingwildlifespecies.
D.TointroducethecurrentsituationofBritain’swildlifespecies.
D
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