最新考研《英语一》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析三Word文档格式.docx
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最新考研《英语一》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析三Word文档格式.docx
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thebankmustrecognizeitscustomer’ssignature.Forthisreasonthereisno18tothecustomerinthepractice,19bybanks,ofprintingthecustomer’snameonhischecks.Ifthis20forgery,itisthebankthatwilllose,notthecustomer.(254words)
1.[A]acquire[B]deposit[C]demand[D]derive
2.[A]for[B]through[C]as[D]in
3.[A]However[B]Primarily[C]Moreover[D]Presumably
4.[A]which[B]what[C]how[D]that
5.[A]on[B]with[C]in[D]for
6.[A]support[B]contrast[C]regard[D]addition
7.[A]owe[B]commit[C]attribute[D]embark
8.[A]purpose[B]rise[C]priority[D]thought
9.[A]loaded[B]offended[C]discriminated[D]directed
10.[A]conform[B]comply[C]obey[D]abide
11.[A]Unless[B]Although[C]Since[D]When
12.[A]respect[B]charge[C]line[D]place
13.[A]specifics[B]signs[C]symbols[D]specimens
14.[A]reputation[B]prestige[C]authority[D]impact
15.[A]by[B]on[C]with[D]for
16.[A]printed[B]confirmed[C]forged[D]justified
17.[A]delicate[B]skillful[C]unusual[D]unique
18.[A]risk[B]guarantee[C]fault[D]benefit
19.[A]engaged[B]intended[C]adapted[D]adopted
20.[A]contributes[B]facilitates[C]results[D]leads
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
WhenDr.JohnW.Gofman,professorofmedicalphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaandaleadingnuclearcritic,speaksof“ecocide”inhisadversaryviewofnucleartechnology,hemeansthefollowing:
AlargenuclearplantlikethatinKalkar,theNetherlands,wouldproduceabout200poundsofplutoniumeachyear.Onepound,releasedintotheatmosphere,couldcause9billioncasesoflungcancer.Thiswasteproductmustbestoredfor500,000yearsbeforeitisofnofurtherdangertoman.Intheanticipatedreactoreconomy,itisestimatedthattherewillbe10,000tonsofthismaterialinWesternEurope,ofwhichonetable-spoonfulofplutonium-239representstheofficialmaximumpermissiblebodyburdenfor200,000people.Ratherthanbeingbiodegradable,plutoniumdestroysbiologicalproperties.
In1972theU.S.OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationruledthattheasbestoslevelintheworkplaceshouldbeloweredto2fiberspercubiccentimeterofair,buttheeffectivedateoftherulinghasbeendelayeduntilnow.TheInternationalFederationofChemicalandGeneralWorkers’Unionsreportthatthe2-fiberstandardwasbasedprimarilyononestudyof290menataBritishasbestosfactory.ButwhentheworkersattheBritishfactoryhadbeenreexaminedbyanotherphysician,40—70percenthadX’rayevidenceoflungabnormalities.Accordingtopresentmedicalinformationatthefactoryinquestion,outofatotalof29deathsthusfar,sevenwerecausedbylungcancer.AnaverageEuropeanorAmericanworkercomesintocontactwithsixmillionfibersaday.“Wearenow,infact,findingcancerdeathswithinthefamilyoftheasbestosworker,”statesDr.IrvingSelikoff,oftheMountSinaiMedicalSchoolinNewYork.
Itisnowalsoclearthatvinylchloride,agasfromwhichthemostwidelyusedplasticsaremade,causesafatalcanceroftheblood-vesselcellsoftheliver.However,thehistoryoftheresearchonvinylchlorideis,insomeways,moredisturbingthanthe“Watergatecover-up.”“Therehasbeenevidenceofpotentiallyseriousdiseaseamongpolyvinylchlorideworkersfor25yearsthathasbeenincompletelyappreciatedandinadequatelyapproachedbymedicalscientistsandbyregulatoryauthorities,”summedupDr.SelikoffintheNewScientist.Atleast17workershavebeenkilledbyvinylchloridebecauseresearchoverthepast25yearswasnotfollowedup.Andforover10years,workershavebeenexposedtoconcentrationsofvinylchloride10timesthe“safelimit”imposedbyDowChemicalCompany.(422words)
Notes:
plutonium钚。
asbestos石棉。
polyvinylchloride聚氯乙烯。
21.By“ecocide”theauthormostprobablymeans
[A]wasteutilization.
[B]ecologicalbalance.
[C]radioactivereaction.
[D]massivebio-destruction.
22.Accordingtothetext,theauthormentionsplutoniuminparagraph1to
[A]estimatetheamountofnuclearmaterialinEurope.
[B]exemplifyoneofthepossiblecausesoflungcancer.
[C]highlightthemeasuresneededtopreventlungcancer.
[D]showthedestructivepropertiesofindustrialwastematerials.
23.Thestyleofthesecondparagraphismainly
[A]factual.
[B]sarcastic.
[C]emotional.
[D]argumentative.
24.Accordingtoparagraph3,someworkershavebeenkilledbyharmfulpollutantsinthat
[A]productioncouldnotbehalted.
[B]theyfailedtotakesafetymeasures.
[C]researchwasnotpursuedtoasolution.
[D]safetyequipmentwasnotadequatelyprovided.
25.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorbelievesthat
[A]nationwideapplicationofanti-pollutiondevicescanfinallypreventcancer.
[B]toughlegislationisneededtosetlowerlimitsofworkerexposuretoharmfulchemicals.
[C]moreresearchisrequiredintothecausesofcancerbeforefurtherprogresscanbemade.
[D]industrializationmustbesloweddowntopreventfurtherspreadofcancercausingagents.
Text2
Thetopicofcloninghasbeenapoliticallyandethicallycontroversialonesinceitsverybeginning.Whilethemoralandphilosophicalaspectsoftheissuesareentirelyuptotheinterpretationoftheindividual,theapplicationofcloningtechnologycanbestudiedobjectively.Manyinthescientificcommunityadvocatetheuseofcloningforthepreservationandsupportofendangeredspeciesofanimals,whichasidefromcloning,havenootherpracticalhopeforavoidingextinction.
Thegoaloftheuseofcloningtoavoidextinctionisthereintroductionofnewgenesintothegenepoolofspecieswithfewsurvivors,ensuringthemaintenanceandexpansionofgeneticdiversity.Likelycandidatesforthistechniquearespeciesknowntohaveveryfewsurvivingmembers,suchastheAfricanBongoAntelope,theSumatranTiger,andtheChineseGiantPanda.InthecaseofGiantPanda,someartificialtechniquesforcreatingoffspringhavealreadybeenperformed,perhapspavingthewayforcloningasthenextstepintheprocess.
Withtheestimatedpopulationofonlyabout1000GiantPandasleftintheworld,theurgencyofthesituationhasledtodesperatemeasures.OnepandawasbornthroughthetechniqueofartificialinseminationintheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates.“HuaMei”wasbornin1999afterherparents,Hsing-HsingandLing-Ling,hadtroubleconceivingnaturally.
TheplantoincreasetheGiantPandapopulationthroughtheuseofcloninginvolvestheuseofaspeciesrelatedtotheGiantPanda,theAmericanBlackBear.EggcellswillberemovedfromfemaleblackbearsandthenfertilizedwithPandacellssuchasthosefromLing-LingorHsing-Hsing.Thefertilizedembryowillthenre-implantedintotheblackbear,whereitwillgrowandmature,untilanewpandaisdeliveredfromtheblackbearhost.
Criticsofcloningtechnologyarguethattheemphasisoncloningasamethodbywhichtopreservespecieswilldrawfundingawayfromothermethods,suchashabitatpreservationandconservation.Proponentsofcloningcounterthatmanycountriesinwhichmanyendangeredspeciesexistaretoopoortoprotectandmaintainthespecies’habitatsanyway,makingcloningtechnologytheonlypracticalwaytoensurethatthosespeciessurvivetofuturegenerations.Theissueisstillhotlydebated,asbothsidesweighthebenefitsthatcouldbeachievedagainsttherisksandethicalconcernsthatconstantlyaccompanyanyargumentontheissue.(402words)
ethically道德上。
genepool基因库。
inseminationn.受精。
fertilize使受精。
embryo胚胎。
proponent支持者,拥护者。
weighAagainstB权衡A和B的利弊。
26.Theauthorraisestheissueofethicalconsiderationincloninginparagraph1inorderto
[A]identifytheissuesthatwillnotbeaddressedinthetext.
[B]revealanareaofinterestthatwillbeexploredlaterinthetext.
[C]identifyoneofthemainissuesaffectingthecloningcontroversytoday.
[D]drawthereader’sattentiontoasensitiveissuethatbearsconsiderationinthetopicofcloning.
27.Theauthordirectsattentionto“HuaMei”,thebabypandabornintheSanDiegoZoo,inorderto
[A]showthatcloningasanartificialbirthtechniquehassucceeded.
[B]arguethatpandasareaparticularlylikelycandidateforcloning.
[C]showthatartificialbirthtechniquesotherthancloninghavesucceeded.
[D]demonstratethenecessityofcloningandotherartificialbirthtechniquestothesur
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