雅思模拟1Word格式.docx
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雅思模拟1Word格式.docx
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thehollow-boxarch。
找到文章中的相关部分后,仔细阅读。
Question37:
哪一段讨论了hollow-boxarch的设计?
选择最适合填充各句的选项。
重读填完的句子,将其;
意义与文章相应部分作比较。
Completeeachofthefollowingstatements(Questions37-40)withthebestending(A-G.fromtheboxbelow.WritetheappropriatelettersA-Ginboxes37-40onyouranswersheet.A、provethatlocalpeoplewerewrong.B、findworkinSwitzerland.C、winmorebuildingcommissions.D、reducetheamountofrawmaterialrequired.E、recognisehistechnicalskills.F、capitaliseonthespectacularterrain.G、improvetheappearanceofhisbridges.
(1)、FollowingtheconstructionoftheTavanasaBridge,Maillartfailedto
____
(2)、Maillartdesignedthehollow-boxarchinorderto____
(3)、ThetransversewallsoftheFlienglibachBridgeallowedMaillartto____
(4)、Ofallhisbridges,theSalginatobelenabledMaillartto____
2、SECTION2Questions11-20Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.TestTip·
Section2一般是1个人的讲话。
阅读题目内容和标题,试着从讲话和图画中猜测该题的场景。
注意,这里所有的题目都是摘要填充的形式。
在脑子里把这些摘要变成疑问句,例如:
Numbermade=Howmanyweremade?
听之前,把所有摘要都照这样变换一下;
判断缺少了什么类荆的信息(名词、数字、形容词等)。
题目的顺序与录音讲话的先后顺序一致。
Therearetwopartstothislistening.Thiswillhelptoorientateyou,·
Question15的两个单词都写对于才能得分。
Typeofcar:
DuesenbergJ-typeNumbermade:
11.............................Typeofbody:
12....................................Enginescontainedcapsulesofmercurytoensurea13..................trip.Topspeed:
14...................................perhour.Soldasa15.....................and...........................Mainattraction:
16....................................Typeofcar:
LeyatHelicaNumberbuilt:
17........................Carlookslikea18.........................without19..................Steeringusedthe20....................................
(1)、____
(2)、____
(3)、____
(4)、____
(5)、____
(6)、____
(7)、____
(8)、____
(9)、____
(10)、____
3、ListeningModuleSECTION1Questions1-10TestTip·
注意本部分有多少题型:
选择题、摘要填充、从列表中选择和简答题。
阅读每部分题目的指示。
阅读问题,试着预测会话背景。
再看一遍问题,判断需要听出来的信息是什么。
划出第个问题题干中的关键词,阅读每个选项,弄清楚选项的区别。
Listentothetelephoneconversationbetweenastudentandtheownerofaparaglidingschoolandanswerthequestionsbelow.CirclethecorrectlettersA-D.
(1)、Whatdoestheclubinsurancecover?
A:
injurytoyourself
B:
injurytoyourequipment
C:
damagetootherpeople'
sproperty
D:
lossofpersonalbelongings
(3)、Completetheformbelow.
Write
NOMORETHANTHREEWORDS
foreachanswer.
____
(5)、Howdothegirlswanttotravel?
publictransport
privatebus
car
bicycle
(6)、
(7)、
Circle
TWO
letters
A-G.
TestTip
前两题你必须选对两个答案才能得分。
正确答案也许并不是你从录音机听到的单词。
第一小题的选项E就是一个例子。
注意这类单词是发何变换说法的。
Which
ofthefollowingitemsmustpeopletakewiththem?
sandals
oldclothes
pullover
shirtwithlongsleeves
E:
softdrinks
F:
hat
(8)、Circle
accommodationoptionsmentionedareneartheparaglidingschool?
camping
youthhostel
family
backpackers'
inn
caravanpark
bedandbreakfast
G:
cheaphotel
(9)、
foryouranswer.
是一个不同类型的题目。
注意听录音。
Whichweekenddothegirlsdecidetogo?
(10)、
Howmuchisthebeginner'
scourse?
$190
$320
$330
$430
4、PEADINGPASSAGE4TheRevolutionaryBridges ofRobertMaillartSwissengineerRobertMaillartbuiltsomeofthegreatestbridgesofthe20thcentury.Hisdesignselegantlysolvedabasicengineeringproblem:
howtosupportenormousweightsusingalenderarchA.Justasrailwaybridgeswerethegreatstructuralsymbolsofthe19thcentury,highwaybridgesbecametheengineeringemblemsofthe20thcentury.Theinventionoftheautomobilecreatedanirresistibledemandforpavedroadsandvehicularbridgesthroughoutthedevelopedworld.Thetypeofbridgeneededforcarsandtrucks,however,isfundamentallydifferentfromthatneededforlocomotives.Mosthighwaybridgescarrylighterloadsthanrailwaybridgesdo,andtheirroadwayscanbesharplycurvedorsteeplysloping,Tomeettheseneeds,manyturn-of-the-centurybridgedesignersbeganworkingwithanewbuildingmaterial:
reinforcedconcrete,whichhassteelbarsembeddedinit.AndthemasterofthisnewmaterialwasSwissstructuralengineer,RobertMaillart.B.Earlyinhiscareer,Maillartdevelopedauniquemethodfordesigningbridges,buildingsandotherconcretestructures.Herejectedthecomplexmathematicalanalysisofloadsandstressesthatwasbeingenthusiasticallyadoptedbymostofhiscontemporaries.Atthesametime,healsoeschewedthedecorativeapproachtakenbymanybridgebuildersofhistime.Heresistedimitatingarchitecturalstylesandaddingdesignelementssolelyforornamentation.Maillart'
smethodwasaformofcreativeintuition.Hehadaknackforconceivingnewshapestosolveclassicengineeringproblems.Andbecauseheworkedinahighlycompetitivefield,oneofhisgoalswaseconomy-hewondesignandconstructioncontractsbecausehisstructureswerereasonablypriced,oftenlesscostlythanallhisrivals'
proposals.C.Maillart'
sfirstimportantbridgewasbuiltinthesmallSwisstownofZuoz.Thelocalofficialshadinitiallywantedasteelbridgetospanthe30-metrewideInnRiver,butMaillartarguedthathecouldbuildamoreelegantbridgemadeofreinforcedconcreteforaboutthesamecost.Hiscrucialinnovationwasincorporatingthebridge'
sarchandroadwayintoaformcalledthehollow-boxarch,whichwouldsubstantiallyreducethebridge'
sexpensebyminimisingtheamountofconcreteneeded.Inaconventionalarchbridgetheweightoftheroadwayistransferredbycolumnstothearch,whichmustberelativelythick.InMaillart'
sdesign,though,theroadwayandarchwereconnectedbythreeverticalwalls,formingtwohollowboxesrunningundertheroadway(seediagram).Thebigadvantageofthisdesignwasthatbecausethearchwouldnothavetobeartheloadalone,itcouldbemuchthinner-aslittleasone-thirdasthickasthearchintheconventionalbridge.D.Hisfirstmasterpiece,however,wasthe1905TavanasaBridgeovertheRhineriverintheSwissAlps.Inthisdesign,Maillartremovedthepartsoftheverticalwallswhichwerenotessentialbecausetheycarriednoload.Thisproducedaslender,lighter-lookingform,whichperfectlymetthebridge'
sstructuralrequirements.ButtheTavanasaBridgegainedlittlefavourablepublicityinSwitzerland;
onthecontrary,itarousedstrongaestheticobjectionsfrompublicofficialswhoweremorecomfortablewithold-fashionedstone-facedbridges.Maillart,whohadfoundedhisownconstructionfirmin1902,wasunabletowinanymorebridgeprojects,soheshiftedhisfocustodesigningbuildings,watertanksandotherstructuresmadeofreinforcedconcreteanddidnotresumehisworkonconcretebridgesuntiltheearly1920s.E.Hismostimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwasthedevelopmentofthedeck-stiffenedarch,thefirstexampleofwhichwastheFlienglibachBridge,builtin1923.Anarchbridgeissomewhatlikeaninvertedcable.Acablecurvesdownwardwhenaweightishungfromit,anarchbridgecurvesupwardtosupporttheroadwayandthecompressioninthearchbalancesthedeadloadofthetraffic.Foraestheticreasons,Maillartwantedathinnerarchandhissolutionwastoconnectthearchtotheroadwaywithtransversewalls.Inthisway,Maillartjustifiedmakingthearchasthinashecouldreasonablybuildit.HisanalysisaccuratelypredictedthebehaviourofthebridgebuttheleadingauthoritiesofSwissengineeringwouldargueagainsthismethodsforthenextquarterofacentury.F.Overthenext10years,Maillartconcentratedonrefiningthevisualappearanceofthedeck-stiffenedarch.Hisbest-knownstructureistheSalginatobelBridge,completedin1930.Hewonthecompetitionforthecontractbecausehisdesignwastheleastexpensiveofthe19submitted-thebridgeandroadwerebuiltforonly700,000Swissfrancs,equivalenttosome$3.5milliontoday.SalginatobelwasalsoMaillart'
slongestspan,at90metresandithadthemostdramaticsettingofallhisstructures,vaulting80metresabovetheravineoftheSalginabrook.In1991itbecamethefirstconcretebridgetobedesignatedaninternationalhistoriclandmark.G.Beforehisdeathin1940,Maillartcompletedotherremarkablebridgesandcontinuedtorefinehisdesigns.However,architectsoftenrecognisedthehighqualityofMaillart'
sstructuresbeforehisfellowengineersdidandin1947thearchitecturalsectionoftheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitydevotedamajorexhibitionentirelytohisworks.Incontrast,veryfewAmericanstructuralengineersatthattimehadevenheardofMaillart.Inthefollowingyears,however,engineersrealisedthatMaillart'
sbridgesweremorethanjustaestheticallypleasing-theyweretechnicallyunsurpassed.Maillart'
shollow-boxarchbecamethedominantdesignformformediumandlong-spanconcretebridgesintheUS.InSwitzerland,professorsfinallybegantoteachMaillart'
sideas,whichtheninfluencedanewgenerationofdesigners.
(3)、
TipStrip
·
查看Questions34—36
的题目指示;
你最多可以用两个单词填入每个空白,而这些词必须从文章中找出如果你用了超过两个词或者这些词不是文章中的,那你的答案就算错了。
略读或挑读文章,直到找到描述这两种桥的片断。
仔细阅读该部分,选择其中的单词对图表进行标注。
Completethelabelsonthediagramsbelowusing
ONE
or
TWOWORDS.fromthereadingpassage.Writeyouranswersinboxes3436onyouranswersheet.
____
5、READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27—
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