潮汐相关知识英文Word格式.docx
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潮汐相关知识英文Word格式.docx
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Lowwaterspringtide
Highwaterspringtide
Lowwaterneaptide
Highwaterneaptide
Date
6October2009
Source
Publicdomainimage:
File:
Tidesschematic.JPGwhichwasbasedonanimagein"
LeidraadvoorhetStuurbrevet"
byRichardVooren,PaulVandenKeybus
TidesaretheriseandfallofsealevelscausedbythecombinedeffectsofgravitationalforcesexertedbytheMoon,Sun,androtationoftheEarth.
Thesemi-diurnalrange(thedifferenceinheightbetweenhighandlowwatersoverabouthalfaday)variesinatwo-weekcycle.Approximatelytwiceamonth,aroundnewmoonandfullmoonwhentheSun,Moon,andEarthformaline(aconditionknownassyzygy[8]),thetidalforceduetothesunreinforcesthatduetotheMoon.Thetide'
srangeisthenatitsmaximum;
thisiscalledthespringtide.Itisnotnamedaftertheseason,but,likethatword,derivesfromthemeaning"
jump,burstforth,rise"
asinanaturalspring.
WhentheMoonisatfirstquarterorthirdquarter,thesunandMoonareseparatedby90°
whenviewedfromtheEarth,andthesolartidalforcepartiallycancelstheMoon'
s.Atthesepointsinthelunarcycle,thetide'
srangeisatitsminimum;
thisiscalledtheneaptide,orneaps(awordofuncertainorigin).
Approximatelytwiceamonth,aroundnewmoonwhentheSun,Moon,andEarthformaline(aconditionknownassyzygy[8]),thetidalforceduetothesunreinforcesthatduetotheMoon
WhentheMoonisatfirstquarter,thesunandMoonareseparatedby90°
Approximatelytwiceamonth,aroundfullmoonwhentheSun,Moon,andEarthformaline(aconditionknownassyzygy[8]),thetidalforceduetothesunreinforcesthatduetotheMoon
WhentheMoonisatthirdquarter,thesunandMoonareseparatedby90°
TheM2tidalconstituent.Amplitudeisindicatedbycolor,andthewhitelinesarecotidaldifferingby1hour.Thecurvedarcsaroundtheamphidromicpointsshowthedirectionofthetides,eachindicatingasynchronized6-hourperiod.Tidalrangesgenerallyincreasewithincreasingdistancefromamphidromicpoints.Thecolorsindicatewheretidesaremostextreme(highesthighs,lowestlows),withbluesbeingleastextreme.Inalmostadozenplacesonthismapthelinesconverge.Noticehowateachoftheseplacesthesurroundingcolorisblue,indicatinglittleornotide.Theseconvergentareasarecalledamphidromicpoints.Tidewavesmovearoundthesepoints,generallycounterclockwiseintheN.HemisphereandclockwiseintheS.Hemisphere[16][17]
TheM2tidalconstituent.Amplitudeisindicatedbycolor,andthewhitelinesarecotidaldifferingby1hr.Thecurvedarcsaroundtheamphidromicpointsshowthedirectionofthetides,eachindicatingasynchronized6hourperiod.
Deutsch:
GezeitenalsindenWeltmeerenumlaufendeWellen.DieAmplitudederPegelschwankungenistfarbkodiert.EsgibtmehrereKnotenpunkteverschwindenderAmplitude,umdiedieWellenherumschwappen.LiniengleicherPhase(weiß
)umgebendieKnotenpunktebü
schelfö
rmig.DieWellenausbreitungerfolgtsenkrechtzudiesenLinien.DieRichtungistdurchPfeileangedeutet.
R.Ray,TOPEX/Poseidon:
RevealingHiddenTidalEnergy,GSFC,NASA.RedistributewithcredittoR.Ray,and
NASA-GoddardSpaceFlightCenter
NASA-JetPropulsionLaboratory
ScientificVisualizationStudio
TelevisionProductionNASA-TV/GSFC
ThelunargravitydifferentialfieldattheEarth'
ssurfaceisknownasthetide-generatingforce.Thisistheprimarymechanismthatdrivestidalactionandexplainstwoequipotentialtidalbulges,accountingfortwodailyhighwaters.
Differentialgravityfieldthatcausestides.
Aschematicshowingthediurnal,semidiurnalandmixedtypes.TheimagewasmadebyMichaelPidwirnyoftheIrvingK.BarberSchoolofArtsandSciences,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Okanagan
Aschematicofthewatersurfacelevelchangeswiththetides.Averagelowwaterspringoraveragelowwaterneaptide;
usedasareference,whichoneisuseddependsonwhetherLWNorLWSislowest.Theschematicwashanddrawnbasedonanimagefromthebook"
byRichardVooren,PaulVandenKeybus.NotethattheALWS/ALWNisbestreplacedbyLAT(lowestastronomicaltide)inanextversionoftheimage.AsthiswaterlevelmaybelowerthanALWN/ALWS,someofthetextwillberenderedobsolete
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Moredetails
TidalpatternsinCookStrait.Thenorthpart(Nelson)hastwospringtidespermonth,versusonlyoneonthesouthside(WellingtonandNapier).
HighandlowtidesinNewZealandatNelsonwithtwospringtidespermonthcomparedtoWellingtonandNapierwithoneonly.Valuesaredifferencesfromtheaveragewaterlevel.
Theprincipaltidaldatarelatedtoabeachprofile.Theintersectionofthetidaldatumwithlanddeterminesthelandwardedgeofamarineboundary.FromNOSTidalDatumsPub(onNavalPostgraduateSchool).http:
//www.oc.nps.navy.mil/nom/day1/partc.htmlfigure:
ahttp:
//www.oc.nps.navy.mil/nom/day1/tidal_datums_fig17.gif
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