19课后练习Word格式.docx
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19课后练习Word格式.docx
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5)WhydidTwainleavetherivercountry?
Whatdidhedothen?
6)Whatstorydidhewritethatmadehimknownas"
thewildhumoristofthePacificslope”?
7)Whydidthebook,theInnocentsAbroad,becomeaninstantbest-seller?
8)WhyisTomSawyerassuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolstodayasistheDeclarationofIndependence?
9)WhydidTwainbecomebitterlateinlife?
Ⅱ.Paraphrase:
1)Amanwhobecameobsessedwiththefrailtiesofthehumanrace
2)MarkTwaindigestedthenewAmericanexperiencebeforesharingitwiththeworldaswriterandlecturer.
3)Thecastofcharacterssetbeforehiminhisnewprofessionwasrichandvaried--acosmos.
4)Brokeanddiscouraged,heacceptedajobasreporterwiththeVirginiaCityTerritorialEnterprise
5)MarkTwainbegandigginghiswaytoregionalfameasanewspaperreporterandhumorist.
6)"
andwhensheprojectsanewsurprise,thegraveworldsmilesasusual,andsays'
Well,thatisCaliforniaallover’'
"
7)Bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.
Ⅲ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:
1)FromthemallMarkTwaingainedakeenperceptionofthehumanrace,ofthedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.
2)Tom'
smischievousdaring,ingenuity,andthesweetinnocenceofhisaffectionforBeckyThatcherarealmostassuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolstodayasistheDeclarationofIndependence.
3)MarkTwainsuggestedthataningredientwasmissingintheAmericanambitionwhenhesaid:
"
Whatarobustpeople,whatanationofthinkerswemightbe,ifwewouldonlylayourselvesontheshelfoccasionallyandrenewouredges."
4)InTheMysteriousStranger,heinsistedthatmandrophisreligiousillusionsanddependuponhimself,notProvidence,tomakeabetterworld.
5)"
...theyvanishfromaworldwheretheywereofnoconsequence;
wheretheyachievednothing;
wheretheywereamistakeandafailureandfoolishness;
wheretheyhaveleftnosignthattheyhadexisted--aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever."
Ⅳ.Pickoutthecompoundnounsandcompoundadjectivesfrythetextandexplaintheirformation.
Ⅴ.Givetheantonymsofthewordslistedbelow:
1)optimist2)savage
3)keen4)torebuff
5)diligently6)sluggish
7)toacknowledge8)colossal
9)tedious10)dreary
Ⅵ.Pickoutallthewordsandphrasesconnectedwithboatsandrivers.
VII.Inthistext,alotofnounsareusedasattributes.Pickthemout.
Models:
1)trampprinter 2)steamboatdays
VIII.Explainhowthemeaningofthefollowingsentencesisaffectedwhentheitalicizedwordsarereplacedwiththewordsinbrackets.Payattentiontotheshadesofmeaningofthewords.
1)Indeed,thisnation'
sbest-lovedauthorwaseverybitasadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorousasanyonehaseverimagined.(sentimental)(witty)
2)Trampprinter,riverpilot,Confederateguerrilla,prospector,starry-eyedoptimist,acid-tonguedcynic(critic)
3)Lumber,corn,tobacco,wheat,andfursmoveddovestreamtothedeltacountry(timber)
4)FromthemallMarkTwaingainedakeenperceptionofthehumanrace,ofthedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.(proclaimoneself)
5)WhenrailroadsbegandryingupthedemandforsteamboatpilosandtheCivilWarhaltedcommerce(need)(stop)
6)Attacksonthecitygovernment,concerningsuchissuesasmistreatmentofChinese,soangeredofficialsthathefledtothegold-fields(ill-treatment)
7)ItwasthatpopulationthatgavetoCaliforniaanameforgettingupastoundingenterprises...andarecklessnessofcostorconsequences.(results)
8)Inthedrearywinterof1864-65inAngelsCamp,hekeptanotebook.(tedious)
9)InNewYorkCitythesteamshipQuakerCitypreparedtosailonapleasurecruisetoEuropeandtheHolyLand.(pleasant)
10)Twainwasassignedtoaccompanythem,ascorrespondentforaCalifornianewspaper.(reporter)
11)Whatarobustpeople,whatanationofthinkerswemightbe(healthy)
12)hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironman'
sfinalreleasefromearthlystruggles(desperation)
IX.Theitalicizedwordsareusedmetaphorically.Explaintheirmeaningsinyourownwordsandcommentonthesuitabilityofthemetaphorsineachcase.
1)MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn'
sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer'
sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.
2)Thegeographiccore,inTwain'
searlyyearswasthegreatvalleyoftheMississippiRiver,mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation'
sheart.
3)Thecastofcharacterssetbeforehiminhisnewprofessionwasrichandvaried--acosmos
4)Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywiththemaincurrentofpioneeringhumanity,butitsflotsamofhustlers,gamblers,andthugsaswell.
5)HewentwestbystagecoachandsuccumbedtotheepidemicofglodandsilverfeverinNevada'
sWashoeregion.
6)Foreightmonthsheflirtedwiththecolossalwealthavailabletotheluckyandthepersistent,andwasrebuffed.
7)Fromthediscouragementofhisminingfailures,MarkTwainbegandigginghiswaytoregionalfameasanewspaperreporterandhumorist.
8)MarkTwainhonedandexperimentedwithhisnewwritingmuscles.
X.Besidesmetaphorsandhyperboles,thewriterusedmanyotherfiguresofspeechtomakehiswritingmorevividandpowerful.Pointoutthefiguresusedinthefollowingsentences:
2)HetriedsoldieringfortwoweekswithamotleybandofConfederateguerrillaswhodiligentlyavoidedcontactwiththeenemy.
3)butformakingmoney,hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.()
4)“Itwasasplendidpopulation–foralltheslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome”()
Itwasthatpopulation...andrushingthemthroughwithamagnificentdashanddaringandarecklessnessofcostorconsequences”()
6)Bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.()
7)hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironman'
sfi-nalreleasefromearthlystruggles()
8)aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemfor-ever()
XI.Makesentencesusingthefollowingwordsinafigurativesense:
1)heart 2)artery 3)current
4)hotbed 5)todryup 6)tohone
XII.Insomeplacestheauthoruseshyperboles(exaggerationsforeffect)toemphasizehismeaning.Trytopickthemout.
1)eternalboyhood
2)Americalaughedwithhim.
XIII.Replacetheitalicizedwordsandphraseswithmoreformalwordsorexpressions:
sbest-lovedauthorwaseverybitasadventurous...asanyonehadeverimagined.()
2)Brokeanddiscouraged,heacceptedajobasreporter()
3)thatgavetoCaliforniaanameforgettingupastoundingenterprises()
4)andrushingthemthroughwithamagnificentdashanddaring()
Well,thatisCaliforniaallover."
()
6)"
Colemanwithhisjumpingfrog--betstranger$50."
()
7)Casuallyhedebunkedreveredartistsandarttreasures.()
8)Heinsistedthatmandrophisreligiousillusions()
ⅩⅣ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(usingthefollowingwordsorexpressions:
tofindexpressionin,toshape...into,tohavenochoicebut,tosuccumb,notuntil,toacquaint...with,that'
s...allover,tobeobssessedwith,toteemwith,everybitas...as,acquaintance,tosb.'
shorror,tosb.'
ssatisfaction):
1)对贫困的担心使他忧虑重重。
2)洞庭湖盛产鱼虾。
3)汤姆的聪明丝毫不亚于班上的第一名学生。
4)我认识他,但我们说不上是朋友。
5)在压力下,他别无办法,只好离职。
6)最后他被她说服了,决定改变原计划。
7)那时许多儿童死于天花。
8)他发现船舱里进了很多水,十分惊恐。
9)孩子们考试成绩优异,家长和教师都很满意。
10)彼得的特点真是如此。
11)直到半夜医生才做完手术。
12)历史课使我对古代文明有所了解。
13)老作家根据这个民间故事写成了一个电影剧本。
14)新上演的那出话剧充分表现了中国人民大无畏的革命精神。
XV.Topicfororalwork
WhydoesthewriterconsiderMarkTwainamirrorofAmerica?
XVI.WriteasummaryofthelifetoMarkTwainwithin200words.
习题全解
I.
1)BecausehisliteraryworkssuchastwonovelsaboutHuckFinnandTomSawyerarelovedbyAmericans,whoimaginehewasadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorous.
2)Beforehebecameawriter,heworkedasatrampprinter,riverpilot,Confederateguerrilla,prospector,andreporter.Hehaddonevariedjobs.
3)Headoptedhispennamefromthecryheardinhissteamboatdays,signalingtwofathomsofwater.
4)Hebecameapilotonasteamboatin1857andstayedthereforfourandahalfyears.Therehelearnedalotabouthumannatureandgainedakeenperceptionofthehumanrace.Thisexperienceimmenselyenrichedhiswriting.
5)Helefttherivercountrybecausethedevelopmentofrailroad,renderedsteamboatpilotslessnecessaryandtheCivilWarbegan,stoppingcommerce.ThenhebecameaConfederateguerrilla.
6)ThecelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty.
7)BecauseitwasabookcenteredonsatirizingEuropeandtheHolyLand,arousingintenseinterestamongAmericans.
8)BecauseitisaclassictaleofAmericanboyhooddescribingTom'
smischievousdaring,ingenuity,andthesweetinnocenceofhisaffectionforBeckyThatcher.
9)Personaltradegy
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