跨文化交际上课内容0910下0506Word文件下载.docx
- 文档编号:19067787
- 上传时间:2023-01-03
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:21.86KB
跨文化交际上课内容0910下0506Word文件下载.docx
《跨文化交际上课内容0910下0506Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《跨文化交际上课内容0910下0506Word文件下载.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Readoverthearticle“LanguageasCommunicationandLanguageasCulture”(p145-148),thenanswerthequestionsonp149.
※Sapir-WhorfHypothesis(p150-153)
abeliefthatthewaypeopleviewtheworldisdeterminedwhollyorpartlybythestructureoftheirnativelanguage.
linguisticdeterministinterpretation---Languagestructurecontrolsthoughtsandculturalnorms.
linguisticrelativityinterpretation---Cultureiscontrolledbyandcontrolslanguage.
III.WordMeanings
Weknowthatwordsrepresentmeaning.Theproblemisthattheymayrepresentseveraltypesofmeaningssimultaneously.
(i)DenotationandConnotation
Pleasereadoverthearticleonpages128-130,thenanswerthequestion:
Whatisdenotation?
Whatisconnotation?
Giveexamplestoshowtheirdifference?
(ii)Sevencategoriesoflexicalmeanings
Thestudyofwordmeaningislexicalsemantics.Thelexicalmeaningscouldbeclassifiedintosevencategories:
conceptualmeaning,connotativemeaning,socialmeaning,affectivemeaning,reflectedmeaning,collocativemeaningandthematicmeaning.
1.ConceptualMeaning(概念意义)
Wordsmayrefertoobjectsintherealworld(e.g.dog,book,river,etc.)orabstractconcepts(e.g.life,friendship,hatred,etc.)inourmind.Therelationshipbetweenawordandanobjectintherealworldoraconceptinourmindtowhichthewordrefersistheconceptualmeaningoftheword.
2.ConnotativeMeaning(内涵意义)
Itisthecommunicativevalueanexpressionhasinadditiontothepurelyconceptualmeaning.Theword“woman”canbedefinedconceptuallyasanadultfemalewhoisbipedandhasawomb,whichisthephysicalfeaturesofawoman.Butseveralotherpsychologicalandsocialfeaturescanbeattributedtoher,suchas“capableofspeech”,“experiencedincookery”and“skirtordresswearing”.Theseadditionalfeaturesareitsconnotativemeaning,whichmayincludesuchfeaturesas“frail”,“pronetotears”,“emotional”,etc.andsuchgoodqualitiesas“gentle”,“compassionate”,“sensitive”,“hard-working”,andsoon.
Ahighgovernmentofficial:
(1)politician:
engaginginpolitiesforpersonalgain;
(2)statesman
3.SocialMeaning(社会意义)
Itiswhatapieceoflanguageconveysaboutthesocialcircumstancesofitsuse,whichincludesatleastlanguageusers(whoareusinglanguage),settings(whereislanguageused),andtopics(whatarethelanguageuserstalkingorwritingabout).
家:
(1)domicile:
usedinofficialorlegaldocumentsorbetweenpeoplewhoareinvolvedinofficialorlegalaffairs.
(2)residence:
usedinformaloradministrativecircumstances.(3)adobe:
apoeticword,usedincreationandappreciationofpoems.(4)home:
usedineverydayspeechbetweenclassmates,colleagues,friendsorfamilymembers.
4.AffectiveMeaning(情感意义)
Itiscommunicatedwhenthefeelingsorattitudesareexpressedinlanguage.Suchinterjectionsas“aha”,“myGod”,“oh”,and“dear”arechieflyusedtoconveyaffectivemeaning.
5.ReflectedMeaning(反映意义)
Itarisesinwordsofmultipleconceptualmeaning,whenonesenseofawordformspartofourresponsetoanothersense.Forexample,“theComforter”and“theHolyGhost”bothrefertoGodinreligiousEnglish,buttheformersoundswarmandcomforting,whilethelattersoundsawesomebecausethesearethereflectedmeaningsofthesetwoterms.
6.CollocativeMeaning(搭配意义)
Itconsistsofassociationawordgetsfromthosewordsthatareoftenusedtogetherwithit.
Nice-looking:
(1)pretty:
girl,woman,flower,garden,color,village
(2)handsome:
boy,man,car,overcoat,airliner
7.ThematicMeaning(主题意义)
Itiswhatiscommunicatedbythewayinwhichaspeakerorwriterorganizeamessage,intermsofordering,focus,oremphasis.
e.g.thesameconceptualcontent:
(1)Mr.Smithdonatedthefirstprize.
(2)ThefirstprizewasdonatedbyMr.Smith.
Theactivesentenceseemstobeananswertothequestion“WhatdidMr.Smithdonate?
”,whilethepassivesentenceappearstoanswer“Whowasthefirstprizedonatedby?
”or“Whodonatedthefirstprize?
”.TheactivesentencesuggeststhatweknowwhoMr.Smithiswhilethepassiveonedoesnot.
Meanings2—7arecalledassociativemeanings.
IV.LanguageandTranslation
(i)Problemsintranslationtoachieveequivalencebetweenlanguages
Pleasereadoverthearticleonpages136-140,andanswerthefollowingquestion:
Howmanytypesofequivalenceintranslationarementioned?
1.Lexicalequivalence:
Forexample,kinshipterms;
锅&
wok;
cowboy&
牛仔.
2.Idiomaticequivalence:
likeidioms
3.Grammatical-syntacticalequivalence:
1)就出生而言,他是个英国人;
就职业而言,他是个水手;
就性格而言,他是个叛逆者.
Bybirth,heisanEnglishman;
byoccupation,asailor;
bynature,arebellion.
2)quantifier量词:
onebook一本书
4.Experientialequivalence:
1)四面楚歌
bebesiegedonallsides,beutterlyisolated
2)asAmericanasapplepie:
toemphasizesth.isgenuinelyAmerican
5.Conceptualequivalence
1)relationship&
关系
2)individualism&
个人主义
(ii)WordsandMeaning
1.WordsandCulture-specificConceptualMeaning
1)Wordsandgeography:
TheMississippi;
theChannel;
koala,kangaroo
2)Wordsandhistory:
TheMayFlower;
scalp(剥带发头皮);
lynch;
cowboy;
hippie;
duke;
castle
3)Wordsandpolitics:
President;
congress;
DemocraticParty;
Governor-General
4)WordsandChristianity:
Trinity;
Bible;
Catholic;
Protestant;
Puritan
5)Wordsandholidays:
Christmasbox(圣诞节礼);
Christmastide(圣诞节节期);
Easter
6)Wordsandlivingstyles:
Hotdog;
hamburger;
pudding;
cocktail;
drive-ins(drive-incinemas;
drive-inbanks;
drive-inrestaurants);
motels,diners(餐车式饭馆);
baseball(垒球),striptease(脱衣舞);
lovestore(色情商店);
late-lateTVshows(深夜放映的色情电视片)
2.WordswithPartialEquivalence
1.young,middle-agedandold
English:
18--------------40----------------60---------------
Chinese:
18---------35--------------55----------------------
2.intellectuals&
知识分子
3.
(1)socialsciences:
politicalscience,economics,sociology,etc.,branchesoflearningthatareconcernedwithhumansociety,esp.itsorganizationandtherelationshipofindividualmemberstoit.
(2)社会科学:
alltheacademicfieldsnotincludedinthenaturalandappliedsciences.
4.
(1)yard:
asmallopenspacecompletelyorpartiallyenclosedandadjoiningabuilding
(2)院子:
房屋前后用墙或栅栏围起来的空地.
5.
(1)drugstore/achemist’sshop:
wheremedicines,toiletries,andvariousothersmallarticlesincludingfood,aresold,butwhereonecanbuyonlyafewkindsofmedicinewithoutaprescription.
(2)药店:
wheremedicinesandsomekindsofmedicalapparatusaresold,mostofwhicharesoldwithoutadoctor’sprescription.
6.kinshipterms
Pleasereadoverthearticleonpages128-130,thensummarizethemajordifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesekinshipterms?
Englishterms
Chineseterms
Grandfather
祖父,外祖父
Granddaughter
孙女,外孙女
Grandmother
祖母,外祖母
Uncle
伯,叔,舅,姑父,姨夫
Father-in-law
岳父,公公
Aunt
伯母,婶婶,舅母,姑母,姨母
Mother-in-law
岳母,婆婆
Nephew
侄子,外甥
Brother
兄,弟
Niece
侄女,外甥女
Sister
姐,妹
cousin
堂兄,堂弟,堂姐,堂妹,表兄,表弟,表姐,表妹,以及他们的同辈
Grandson
孙,外孙
3.WordsOftenMistaken
greenhouse(温室)≠绿色的房屋
busywork(耗时又无价值的工作)≠忙碌的工作
busman’sholiday(消磨于与日常工作类似之活动的假日)≠公共汽车驾驶员/乘务员的假日
busybody(爱管闲事的人)≠大忙人
housewarming(乔迁喜宴)≠房屋供暖
donkeywork(苦役;
单调的日常工作)≠驴活儿
policeaction(未经正式宣战,对破坏国际和平与秩序的叛乱者采取的镇压行动)≠警察行动
lowbody(矮脚抽屉柜)≠矮个子男孩
freelove(公开同居)≠自由恋爱
equalitarianism(favorableterm)≠平均主义
disinterested(公正的)≠无兴趣
wester(西风)≠西方人
firstlady
highschool
lover
restroom
4.WordsandConnotativeMeanings
1)dogand狗(p129-130)
2)peasantand农民
3)landlordand地主
4)comradeand同志
5)self-mademan(successfulpersonsfromhumbleorigin)and白手起家的人(经济基础不是很好)
6)propagandaand宣传
7)do-gooder(stupidpersonsearnestlybentondoinggoodwithoutknowingtheharmfulresult)and作好事的人
8)spiritual(religiousconnotation)and精神的
V.CaseAnalysis
OnenightaChinesestudentmajoringinEnglishsatonthestepsoftheForeignstudents’residenceandtalkedwithtwoyoungmaleforeignstudents,oneGermanandoneAmerican.Theydidnotspeakawordtoherontheirowninitiative,butsheaskedmanyquestionstogetaconversationstarted.Everytimetheyansweredherwithonlyoneortwowords.ButshewasdeterminedtopracticeherEnglishsoshetriedtokeeptheconversationgoing.“Howdoyouspendyourweekend?
”sheasked.TheGermanboyansweredimmediately,
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 文化 交际 上课 内容 0910 0506