英语语言学练习题8页DOCWord文档下载推荐.docx
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10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.
11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.
12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.
13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.
14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.
15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.
17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.
18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.
19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.
20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.
Ⅱ.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
21.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.
22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.
23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:
alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.
24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.
26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag_______basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
27.P_______referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.
29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.
30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes_______studyoflanguage.
Ⅲ.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:
31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe_______.
A.prescriptive B.analytic C.descriptive D.linguistic
32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.Arbitrariness B.Displacement C.Duality D.Meaningfulness
33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas_______.
A.primary B.correct C.secondary D.stable
34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because_______.
A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed
C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
D.Alloftheabove
35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa_______studyoflanguage.
A.synchronic B.diachronic C.prescriptive D.comparative
36.Saussuretooka(n)_______viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.
A.sociological…psychological B.psychological…sociological
C.applied…pragmatic D.semantic…linguistic
37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemem-bersofaspeechcommunity.
A.parole B.performance C.langue D.Language
38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_______andmeanings.
A.sense B.sounds C.objects D.ideas
39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_______,
A.displacement B.duality C.flexibility D.culturaltransmission
40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough_______,ratherthanbyinstinct.
A.learning B.teaching C.books D.bothAandB
Ⅳ.Definethefollowingterms:
41.Linguistics 42.Phonology 43.Syntax 44.Pragmatics 45.Psycholinguistics
46.Language 47.Phonetics 48.Morphology 49.Semantics 50.Sociolinguistics
51.AppliedLinguistics 52.Arbitrariness 53.Productivity 54.Displacement
55.Duality 56.DesignFeatures 57.Competence 58.Performance
59.Langue 60.Parole
Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary:
61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommu-nication.Explainitindetail.
62.Whatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Illustratethemwithexamples.
63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?
64.Howdoyouunderstandthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyandadiachronicstudy?
65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?
66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?
67.Howdoyouunderstandcompetenceandperformance?
68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajordifferences?
69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitrary?
Why?
Chapter2
Phonology
1.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.
2.Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.
3.Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.
4.EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.
1.语言的普遍特征:
任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality既由声音和意义结构 多产性productivity
移位性displacement:
我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西 文化传播性culturaltransmission
2。
语言的功能:
传达信息功能informative 人济功能:
interpersonal 行事功能:
Performative 表情功能:
Emotive
寒暄功能:
Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual
3.语言学linguistics:
包括六个分支
语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax
语义学semantics 语用学pragmatics
4.现代结构主义语言学创始人:
Ferdinanddesaussure
提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一:
语言与言语languageandparole,语言之语言系统的整体,言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语
5.语法创始人:
NoamChomsky
提出概念语言能力与语言运用competenceandperformance
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtodescribedisplacement.oneoftheuniquepropertiesoflanguage:
a.wecaneasilyteachourchildrentolearnacertainlanguage
b.wecanuseboth'
shu'
and'
tree'
todescribethesamething.
c.wecanuselanguagetorefertosomethingnotpresent
d.wecanproducesentencesthathaveneverbeenheardbefore.
2.Whatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguage?
a.interpersonal b.phatic c.informative d.metallingual
3.Thefunctionofthesentence"
Aniceday,isn'
tit?
"
is__
ainformative b.phatic c.directive d.performative
4.Thedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceisproposedby__
asaussure b.halliday c.Chomsky d.thepragueschool
5.Whoputforwardthedistinctionbetweenlanguageandparole?
a.saussure b.chomsky c.halliday danomymous
第二节语音学phonetics
1.发音器官由声带thevocalcords和三个回声腔组成
2.辅音consonant:
thereisanobstructionoftheairstreamatsomepointofthevocaltract.
3.辅音的发音方式
爆破音completeobstruction 鼻音nasals 破裂音plosives
部分阻塞辅音partialobstruction 擦音fricatives 破擦音affricates等
4.辅音清浊特征voicing
辅音的送气特征aspiration
5.元音vowel
分类标准舌翘位置,舌高和嘴唇的形状
6双元音diphthongs,有元音过渡vowelglides
1.Articulatoryphoneticsmainlystudies__.
a.thephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech
b.theperceptionofsounds c.thecombinationofsounds d.theproductionofsounds
2.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesin__
a.theplaceofarticulation b.theobstructionfairstream
c.thepositionofthetongue d.theshapeofthelips
3.Whatisthecommonfactorofthethreesounds:
p,kt
a.voiceless b.spread c.voiced d.nasal
4.Whatphoneticfeaturedistinguishthepinpleaseandthepinspeak?
a.voicing b.aspiration c.roundness d.nasality
5.WhichofthefollowingisnotadistinctivefeatureinEnglish?
a.voicing b.nasal c.approximation d.aspiration
6.Thephonologicalfeaturesoftheconsonantkare__
a.voicedstop b.voicelessstop c.voicedfricative d.voicelessfricative
7.pisdivverentfromkin__
a.themannerof
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