届高三英语月考试题人教新目标版Word下载.docx
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届高三英语月考试题人教新目标版Word下载.docx
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第I卷(选择题)
第一部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节:
(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D
四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
We’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:
hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers,orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).
Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.
Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.
Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:
“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It’sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.
Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.
Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctorsoffices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,
firstserved”?
A.Takingbuses.B.Buyinghouses.
C.Flyingwithanairline.D.Visitingamusementparks.
2.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates
A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB.theadvantageofmoderntechnology
C.theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD.thefairnessoftelephonicservices
3.Thepassageismeantto__________________________.
A.justifypayingforfasterservicesB.discussthemoralsofallocatingthings
C.analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping
B
Nooneknowsforsurewhenadvertisingfirststarted.Itispossiblethatitgrewoutofthediscoverythatsomepeopledidcertainkindsofworkbetterthanothersdidthem.Thatledtotheconceptofspecialization,whichmeansthatpeoplewouldspecialize,orfocusondoingonespecificjob.
Let’stakeamanwe’llcallMr.Fielder,forexample.Hedideverythingconnectedwithfarming.Heplantedseeds,tendedthefields,andharvestedandsoldhiscrops.Atthesametime,hedidmanyotherjobsonthefarm.However,hedidn’tmakethebricksforhishouse,cuthistreesintoboards,maketheplows(犁),oranyofotherhundredsofthingsafarmneeds.Instead,hegotthemfrompeoplewhospecializedindoingeachofthosethings.
SupposetherewasanothermanweshallcallMr.Plowright.Usingwhatheknewaboutfarmingandworkingwithiron,Mr.Plowrightinventedaplowthatmadefarmingeasier.Mr.Plowrightdidnotreallylikefarminghimselfandwantedtospecializeinmakingreallygoodplows.Perhaps,hethought,otherfarmerswilltradewhattheygrowforoneofmyplows.
HowdidMr.Plowrightletpeopleknowwhathewasdoing?
Why,headvertised,ofcourse.Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.Thatsignmayhavebeennomorethanaplowcarvedintoapieceofwoodandasimplearrowpointingtotheshopdoor.ItwasprobablyalltheinformationpeopleneededtofindMr.Plowrightandhisreallygoodplows.
Manyhistoriansbelievethatthefirstoutdoorsignswereusedaboutfivethousandyearsago.Evenbeforemostpeoplecouldread,theyunderstoodsuchsigns.Shopkeeperswouldcarveintostone,clay,orwoodsymbolsfortheproductstheyhadforsale.
Amedium,inadvertisingtalk,isthewayyoucommunicateyourmessage.Youmightsaythatthefirstmediumusedinadvertisingwassignswithsymbols.Thesecondmediumwasaudio,orsound,althoughthattermisnotusedexactlyinthewayweuseittoday.Originally,justthehumanvoiceandmaybesomekindofsimpleinstrument,suchasabell,wereusedtogetpeople’sattention.
Acrier,inthehistoricalsense,isnotsomeonewhoweepseasily.Itissomeone,probablyaman,withavoiceloudenoughtobeheardovertheothernoisesofacity.InancientEgypt,shopkeepersmighthiresuchapersontospreadthenewsabouttheirproducts.Oftenthisearliestformofadvertisinginvolvedanewlyarrivedshiploadedwithgoods.Perhapsthecrierdescribedthegoods,explainedwheretheycamefrom,andpraisedtheirquality.Hisjobwas,inotherwords,nottoodifferentfromaTVorradiocommercialintoday’sworld.
4.Whatprobablyledtothestartofadvertisement?
A.Thediscoveryofiron.B.Thespecializationoflabor.
C.Theappearanceofnewjobs.D.Thedevelopmentoffarmingtechniques.
5.Toadvertisehisplows,Mr.Plowright__________.
A.praisedhisplowsinpublicB.placedasignoutsidetheshop
C.hunganarrowpointingtotheshopD.showedhisproductstothecustomers
6.ThewritermakesupthetwostoriesofMr.FielderandMr.Plowrightinorderto__________.
A.explaintheoriginofadvertisingB.predictthefutureofadvertising
C.exposeproblemsinadvertisingD.providesuggestionsforadvertising
7.InancientEgypt,acrierwasprobablysomeonewho__________.
A.ownedashipB.hadtheloudestvoice
C.ranashopsellinggoodstofarmersD.functionedliketoday’sTVorradiocommercial
8.Thelasttwoparagraphsaremainlyabout__________.
A.thehistoryofadvertisingB.thebenefitsofadvertising
C.theearlyformsofadvertisingD.thebasicdesignofadvertising
C
GeneticallyModified(GM)foodisunfortunatelybecomingmorepopularamongfarmersandfoodprocessors.Cropsarebeinggeneticallymodifiedtoresistinsects,plantdiseases,insecticides(杀虫剂).Plantsarealsomodifiedtolookbiggerandbetter.Unfortunatelytheendgoalisn’tprovidingnutritionforpeople,it’stoincreaseprofitmarginsandtomakefoodlookbetter.Infactmanymodernfruitsandvegetablesaretwicethesizeofwhattheyusedtobewhilehavingfarlessvitamins,andnottastinggoodeither.Nowresearchisshowingthatgeneticallymodifiedfoodmightevenbebadforyou.
GMorganismsareorganismsthathavegenesinsertedintotheirDNAinordertooffercertaincharacteristics.Inthiswayyoucanmakeitbetter,ormakeitlastlonger.
JeffreyM.SmithhaspublishedastudyaboutthedangersofGMfood.ItwasdiscoveredthatwhenGMsoywasfedtofemaleratstheyfoundthatalltheiryoungdiedwithin3weekscomparedtoanatural10%deathrate.Theiryoungwerealsobornsmallerandtheylaterhadproblemsbecomingpregnant.Astudyofpigsfoundthattheyalsobecameinfertile(不育)aftereatingGMcorn.
ManypeopleareeatingGMfoodwithoutevenrealizingit.Thesolutiontothisproblemissimple.Humanbeingsexistedintheircurrentformforhundredsofthousandsofyears.Formostofthattimeweateadietconsistingofmeat,fruit,vegetable,fish,eggsandnuts.Thisisouroptimaldietwhichleadsustoliveahealthyandlonglife.Butoverthelast30yearsNorthAmericahasexperienceddiabetes,cancerandheartdisease.AllduetothemisinformationprovidedbygroupswhoworkonbehalfofthemanufacturersofGMfood.Thewaytoavoidobesity,heartdiseaseandcancerisbyeatinglikeourstone-ageancestors.
9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatultimatelyinspiredthepopularityofGMcrops?
A.Richnutrition.B.Uniquetaste.C.Highprofits.D.Energysaving
10.Whathadwebetterdoifwewanttostayhealthyaccordingtothetext?
A.Eatmorefruit.B.Bevegetarians.C.Eatmoregrains.D.Keeptraditionaldiet.
11.Thetextisorganizedintheformof________.
A.timeandeventsB.causeandeffect
C.reasoningandargumentD.contrastandcomparison
12.Wecaninferthatthelobbygroups(inParagraph4)arepeoplewhoare______.
A.scientistswhogiveoutfalseinformationbecauseofcarelessness
B.doctorswhotrytoprofitfrompatientswhosufferfromunhealthyfood
C.workerswhotrytocheatcustomersforthebenefitsoffoodproducers
D.agriculturaltechnicianswhoareresponsibleforpromotingnewproduct
D
Theymaybeteenagers,but17-year-oldBrittanyBulland16-year-oldSesamMngqengqiswahavegrandambitions—tolaunchAfrica’sfirstprivatesatelliteintospace.TheyarepartofateamofhighschoolgirlsfromCapeTown,SouthAfrica,whohavedesignedandbuiltequipmentforasatellitethatwillorbitovertheearth’spolesscanningAfrica’ssurface.
Onceinspace,thesatellitewillcollectinformationo
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